Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University The House of The Sleeping Beauties Discussion Writing Assignment Help

Find an article that has conducted original research and identified a trend in one of the areas discussed below (For more clarification check PPT – it has more topics)

1. INTERNET ACCESS – (Examples related to below Internet Access)

“Share the article (link or attachment) to the full text”

Thank you.

Summary:

• Summary of a text is the most general level of reference. When you summarize a text, you reduce the author’s entire argument to one or two sentences. In other words, you tell readers the “thesis statement” of an entire article or book.
• Writers use summary when they want to give their readers a general overview of the “conversation” about their topic. Often writers use summary in their introductory pages in order to establish the parameters of the debate.
• When you summarize a text, you usually mention the author’s name somewhere in your sentence.
• Of course, one is allowed to use summary anywhere in the paper, but writers usually want to get more specific than summary allows them to when they write the “body” of the paper. For the body of the paper, writers usually turn to paraphrase or quotation.

WRITE A SUMMARY OF “The ‘Banking’ Concept of Education” – MAKE IT ONE SENTENCE.

‘The “Banking” concept education’ is show the students like robots they don’t have their own ideas, they can’t think independently. They are only accept the teacher’s knowledge.

Quotation

• Quoting a text directly is copying a ”word for word” phrase, sentence, or passage from another author’s work and setting it off with quotation marks to indicate that the words and ideas are not yours. As stated above, you choose to quote an author to analyze their exact rhetoric or when their terminology is precise and/or their phrasing is too eloquent to paraphrase.
• When you quote (or paraphrase), you need to include an attributive tag, establishing the credibility of your source. State the author’s name and explain why s/he has authority to speak on this subject; in other words, tell us why we should pay attention to this person’s ideas. Including attributive tags is a way of demonstrating that you have done thorough research.

Common attributive tags:

• X states, “ __________” (xx).
• As the prominent philosopher X puts it, “ __________” (xx).
• According to X, “__________” (xx).
• X herself writes, “__________” (xx).
• In her book, ____________, X maintains that “____________” (xx).
• Writing in the journal ___________, X complains that “____________” (xx).
• In X’s view, “______________” (xx).
• X agrees when she writes, “______________” (xx).
• X disagrees when he writes, “____________” (xx).
• X complicates matters further when he writes, “_____________” (xx).

QUOTE ONE SENTENCE FROM FREIRE’S ESSAY. CHOOSE ONE THAT SEEMS SIGNIFICANT OR IMPORTANT—PERHAPS ONE THAT USES A KEY TERM.

Paraphrase:

• Paraphrasing a text is restating the author’s idea in your own words and your own syntax (sentence structure). Paraphrase is one of the most widely used reference techniques in academic discourse; however, it is vastly underused by students.
• When you paraphrase a sentence or two, you cannot use the author’s vocabulary OR the author’s sentence structure. You restate the author’s idea using your own tone and style. Please note, that you MAY NOT use the author’s sentence structure and just substitute in other vocabulary words; that is considered plagiarism.
• You must give the writer credit and attribute the idea to them. You can do this by using an attributive tag in your sentence. Or, at the end of the sentence that contains a paraphrase, you cite the author and page number in parentheses, according to MLA style.
• Writers use paraphrase in order to include a smart idea or point from a credible source without breaking up the stylistic flow of their own prose. Writers usually only use direct quotation when the original words are so eloquent or include a key term or phrase. For a rhetorical analysis, though, direct quotations are required so you can pick apart the exact phrasing of the source you are analyzing.

Common attributive tags (use when paraphrasing without quoting):

• X acknowledges that __________ (xx).
• X agrees that __________ (xx).
• X argues that __________ (xx).
• X believes that __________ (xx).
• X denies/does not deny that __________ (xx).
• X claims that __________ (xx).
• X complains that __________ (xx).
• X concedes that __________ (xx).
• X demonstrates that __________ (xx).
• X deplores that __________ (xx).
• X celbrates that __________ (xx).
• X that __________ (xx).
• X emphasizes that __________ (xx).
• X insists that __________ (xx).
• X observes that __________ (xx).
• X questions whether __________ (xx).
• X refutes the claim that __________ (xx).
• X reminds us that __________ (xx).
• X reports that __________ (xx).
• X suggests that __________ (xx).
• X urges us to __________ (xx).

Common ways to explain a quotation:

• Basically, X is saying __________.
• In other words, X believes ________________.
• In making this comment, X urges us to _______________.
• X is corroborating the age-old adage that ______________.
• X’s point is that _____________.
• The essence of X’s argument is that _______________.

ADD ON TO THE SENTENCE YOU QUOTED ABOVE. FIRST PARAPHRASE IT IN ONE OR MORE SENTENCES. THEN ADD SOME COMMENTARY ABOUT THE PASSAGE (note what you think about the idea).

Please respond to your peer’s posts, from an FNP perspective. To ensure that your responses are substantive, use at least two of these prompts:

• Do you agree with your peers’ assessment?
• Take an opposing view to a peer and present a logical argument supporting an alternate opinion.
• Share your thoughts on how you support their opinion and explain why.
• Present new references that support your opinions.

Please be sure to validate your opinions and ideas with citations and references in APA format. Substantive means that you add something new to the discussion, you aren’t just agreeing. This is also a time to ask questions or offer information surrounding the topic addressed by your peers. Personal experience is appropriate for a substantive discussion and should be correlated to the literature.Be sure to review your APA errors in your reference list, specifically you have capitalization errors in some words of the titles.Include the DOI. Also, be sure you are italicizing titles of online sources.No more than 200 words maximum.

Please respond to at least 2 of your peer’s posts. To ensure that your responses are substantive, use at least two of these prompts:

• Do you agree with your peers’ assessment?
• Take an opposing view to a peer and present a logical argument supporting an alternate opinion.
• Share your thoughts on how you support their opinion and explain why.
• Present new references that support your opinions.

Please be sure to validate your opinions and ideas with citations and references in APA format.

Latara’s Response:

The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)

The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) or Folstein test is a 30-point questionnaire that is used extensively in clinical and research settings to measure cognitive impairment. It is commonly used in medicine and allied health to screen for dementia (Monroe & Carter, 2018). Advantages to the MMSE include requiring no specialized equipment or training for administration, and has both validity and reliability for the diagnosis and longitudinal assessment of Alzheimer’s disease. Due to its short administration period and ease of use, it is useful for cognitive assessment in the clinician’s office space or at the bedside. Disadvantages to the utilization of the MMSE is that it is affected by demographic factors; age and education exert the greatest effect. The most frequently noted disadvantage of the MMSE relates to its lack of sensitivity to mild cognitive impairment and its failure to adequately discriminate patients with mild Alzheimer’s disease from normal patients. I will implement these guidelines and/or protocols in my practice by using it to estimate the severity and progression of cognitive impairment and to follow the course of cognitive changes in an individual over time; thus making it an effective way to document an individual’s response to treatment.

Mini cognitive assessment

The Mini-Cog is a brief cognitive test that involves an assessment of an older person’s ability to recall three words and draw a clock. The Mini-Cog’s advantages are many: It is fast, simple, and superior even to the MMSE in predicting dementia. It has also been shown to be effective at identifying mild cognitive impairment, a condition that sometimes, but not always, progresses to Alzheimer’s disease (Tam, Gandesbery, Young, Borson, & Gorodeski, 2018). A disadvantage is that the scoring of the clock drawing test is vulnerable to different interpretations. Additionally, the Mini-Cog can’t be used with persons who have visual impairments or difficulty with holding or using the pen or pencil. Finally, while the Mini-Cog is fairly effective at identifying dementia, it doesn’t provide a way to measure progression or extent of dementia. I will use this tool in practice to detect cognitive impairment quickly during both routine visits and hospitalizations and as an effective triage tool to identify individuals in need of more thorough evaluation.

The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)

The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a widely used screening assessment for detecting cognitive impairment. The assessments in the test attempt to gauge areas of language, visuospatial abilities, memory and recall and abstract thinking, to give a representation of a person’s current cognitive ability (Carson, Leach, & Murphy, 2018). Some of the major advantages of the Montreal cognitive assessment include simplicity, easy for the patient, reliable outcome and the screening process involved to determine whether or not a person has Alzheimer’s disease. Furthermore, the MoCA also measures the various hints of dementia present in a person. The Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) does not measure the components of dementia. A disadvantage of the MoCA is that it takes a little longer than the MMSE to administer, and like many other screenings, it should be paired with multiple other screenings and tests to accurately identify and diagnose dementia. I will use this in my practice in conjunction with others as a screening tool in addition to a comprehensive physical assessment laboratory values, x-rays, CT scans.

Select one that you will use on a consistent basis and explain why/ Come to consensus in this DF on the best protocol for detecting cognitive impairment.

The best tool and the one in which I will use on a consistent basis is the MMSE. It has proven its reliability and validity, and it is quick to administer and score. It can be used repeatedly to monitor an individual’s cognitive decline. Furthermore, it has been translated into many foreign languages and has been adapted for the visually-impaired

Carson, N., Leach, L., & Murphy, K. J. (2018). A re-examination of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) cutoff scores. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 33(2), 379–388. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.4756

Monroe, T., & Carter, M. (2018). Using the Folstein Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) to explore methodological issues in cognitive aging research. European Journal of Ageing, 9(3), 265–274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10433-012-0234-8 (Links to an external site.)

Tam, E., Gandesbery, B. T., Young, L., Borson, S., & Gorodeski, E. Z. (2018). Graphical Instructions for Administration and Scoring the Mini‐Cog: Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 66(5), 987–991. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.15313

Vivek’s Response:

Cognitive impairment in older adults can be the result of a variety of possible causes. These may include medications, chronic/acute physical conditions, and/or mental health conditions. ). Early detection and ongoing screening can help facilitate an appropriate treatment plan.The most common cognitive functions affected by age are memory and perception, which in some cases may have an impact on more complex cognitive functions such as decision-making and language (Pottie et al., 2016). There are several screening guidelines and tools to assist providers in assessing for cognitive impairment. Three that focus on memory and perception are the Mini-Cog, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). It is difficult to pick one test to use all the time as each one has strengths, limitations, and attributes which need to be looked at in relation to the clinical picture. In brief, Mini-Cog is a quicker, flexible option in low risk patients. MoCA and MMSE can be used in slightly more riskier cases.

Mini-Cog

The Mini-Cog test It consists of a three-item recall test for memory and a scored clock-drawing test. Results are evaluated by a health provider to determine the classification of normal versus cognitively impaired. This can provide insight for the need of a full diagnostic assessment. Strengths include minimal training, brief administration time (<3 minutes), relative freedom from bias due to language and education, ease of administration through an interpreter, and availability in multiple languages (Mini-Cog, n.d.). The clock drawing portion may be challenging to individuals lacking regular exposure to analog clocks, lack of experience in drawing or writing, and those with very low levels of educational attainment. Studies have found a relationship between low Mini-Cog score and low health literacy, poor knowledge of personal medications, need for everyday assistance, and higher acute care utilization (Yost, 2013). With that said, studies have found the Mini-Cog to be superior to MMSE in identifying mild cognitive impairment as it is less affected by age and education level, compared to the MMSE (Milian, Leiherr, Straten, & Müller, 2014). This test can be implemented by a provider or RN within any facility. Interpretation and follow up would be evaluated by the provider.

MoCA

Like the Mini-Cog, MoCa tests memory with a short-term memory recall task and visuospatial a clock-drawing test. Compared to 3 words on the MMSE and Mini-Cog, the MoCA uses 5 words. Other areas that are tested include visuospatial skills, attention, concentration, and working memory, language, and orientation in time and place was also tested (Kang et al., 2018). Compared to the Mini-Cog, the MoCA seems to be more sensitive to different areas of cognitive impairment. There is also an app available, compared to paper tests. Administration of MoCA takes about 10 to 15 min (Kang et al., 2018). While studies show a better mild cognitive impairment detection rate with the MoCA versus the MMSE, the likelihood of a false-positive is also greater in the MoCA, compared to the MMSE (Kang et al., 2018). This test can be implemented by a provider or RN within any facility. Interpretation and follow up would be evaluated by the provider

MMSE

MMSE is similar to the Mini-Cog and MoCA in testing for memory in cognitive impairments. The MMSE takes about seven to eight minutes to complete (Pinto et al., 2018). Area assessed include orientation, immediate memory, short-term memory and language functioning.While similar to the MoCA, studies show MoCA is superior to MMSE in identifying mild cognitive impairment while the MMSE is likely a better test for more severe conditions (Pinto et al., 2018).

Reference

German Memory Clinic. Cambridge University Press. doi: doi.org/10.1017/S1041610211002286

Kang, J. M., Cho, Y. S., Park, S., Lee, B. H., Sohn, B. K., Choi, C. H., Lee, J. Y. (2018). Montreal cognitive assessment reflects cognitive reserve. BMC geriatrics, 18(1), 261. doi:10.1186/s12877-018-0951-8

Milian, M., Leiherr, A., Straten, G., & Müller, S. (2014). The Mini-Cog versus the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Clock Drawing Test in daily clinical practice: screening value in a

Mini-Cog. (n.d.). Strengths and limitations. Retrieved from https://mini-cog.com/about/strengths-and-limitations/.

Pinto, T. C. C., Machado, L., Bulgacov, T. M., Rodrigues-Júnior, A. L., Costa, M. L. G., Ximenes, R. C. C., & Sougey, E. B. (2018). Is the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) screening superior to the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in the detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) in the elderly? International Psychogeriatrics, 31(04), 491–504. doi: 10.1017/s1041610218001370

Pottie, K., Rahal, R., Jaramillo, A., Birtwhistle, R., Thombs, B. D., Tonelli, M. (2016). Recommendations on screening for cognitive impairment in older adults. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l’Association medicale canadienne, 188(1), 37–46. doi:10.1503/cmaj.141165

Yost, K. J., Dewalt, D. A., Lindquist, L. A., & Hahn, E. A. (2013). The association between health literacy and indicators of cognitive impairment in a diverse sample of primary care patients. Patient Education and Counseling, 93(2), 319–326. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2013.07.006

• Conduct some basic hospitality company research of some organizations that would be possible targets for your career. You will research 3 different companies. For each company you need to use more than one source and you must use Trade Journals (hosipitality industry magazines) as a source (a minimum of 3 times in the section).
• Introduce the section first.
• Discuss the following for each company:
  • Something about the company culture, mission, philosophy, or background that stands out to you.(Hilton, Marriott or Banyan Tree could be better）
  • Size of company, Brands, Service style, Locations
  • Special training or management programs or other unique benefits.
  • What the pros a cons are of working for this company.
• Write up will be done for all 3 companies, each in a separate paragraph.
• Provide a conclusion at the end of the section.
• Provide a Works Cited page.
• After this section is turned in, please be prepared to possibly share information about one of your companies during class time.