AIU Cloud Computing Security Based On IT Governance Implementations Discussion Computer Science Assignment Help. AIU Cloud Computing Security Based On IT Governance Implementations Discussion Computer Science Assignment Help.
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The “Cloud Brokers” trade publication was very pleased with the results of your journal publication on cloud architecture and have asked you to write another journal article related to cloud security.
Prepare a publication on the topic of cybersecurity and cloud computing that includes the following:
- Discuss the risks and recommended best practices management for security management in a cloud environment.
- Cloud security guidelines, recommendations for the design of security, and examples of best practices in cloud security design.
Grading Rubric
Project Criteria | Exceeds: 90%–100% | Very Good: 80%–89% | Meets: 70%–79% | Needs Improvement: Below 70% |
Content |
Response covers all topics indicated in the assignment and adds additional content. | Response covers most topics indicated in the assignment. | Response covers many of the topics indicated in the assignment. | Response covers none to some of the topics indicated in the assignment. |
Effective Communication |
Demonstrates outstanding or exemplary application of written, visual, or oral skills. Demonstrates outstanding expression of topic, main idea, and purpose. Audience is addressed appropriately. Language clearly and effectively communicates ideas and content relevant to the assignment. Errors in grammar, spelling, and sentence structure are minimal. Organization is clear. Format is consistently appropriate to assignment. Presentation and delivery are confident and persuasive (where applicable). The writing was of collegiate level with no errors in spelling or grammar. | Demonstrates very good written, visual, or oral skills. Demonstrates sound expression of topic, main idea, and purpose. Audience is usually addressed appropriately. Language does not interfere with the communication of ideas and content relevant to the assignment. Errors in grammar, spelling, and sentence structure are present, but do not distract from the message. Organization is apparent and mostly clear. Format is appropriate to assignment, but not entirely consistent. The writing was of collegiate level with two or less errors in spelling or grammar. | Demonstrates acceptable written, visual, or oral skills. Demonstrates reasonable expression of topic, main idea, and purpose. Sometimes, audience is addressed appropriately. Language does not interfere with the communication of ideas and content relevant to the assignment. Errors in grammar, spelling, and sentence structure are present and may distract from the message. Organization is a bit unclear. Format is inconsistent. The writing was of collegiate level with several errors in spelling or grammar. | Demonstrates inadequate or partially proficient application of written, visual, or oral skills. Demonstrates inadequate or partial expression of topic, main idea, and purpose. Audience is often not addressed appropriately. Language often impedes the communication of ideas and content relevant to the assignment. Errors in grammar, spelling, and sentence structure are frequent and often distract from meaning or presentation. Organization is inadequate, confusing, and distracting. The format is inadequate and obscures meaning. The writing was less than collegiate level with numerous errors in spelling or grammar. |
Supporting Analysis |
Analysis exceeds minimum requirements. Sources are used to support analysis, are appropriate, and are properly referenced. | Basic analysis provided to support assertions. Sources are cited, appropriate, and properly referenced. | Limited analysis provided to support assertions. Some sources are cited, appropriate, and properly referenced. | No or inaccurate analysis, no sources are cited when needed, analysis and/or sources are not appropriate. When sources are used, they are not properly referenced. |
AIU Cloud Computing Security Based On IT Governance Implementations Discussion Computer Science Assignment Help[supanova_question]
Colorado College Restricted Chickens in Residential Areas Research Writing Assignment Help
Introduction:
Dominique Leghorn was recently elected to a position as county supervisor in Blackacre County. As part of his campaign, he assured the voters of Blackacre County that he would “crack down on the foul fowl epidemic in Blackacre County.” This campaign pledge was a response to a recent trend where residents of the county are raising chickens in residential areas. In fact, Mr. Leghorn’s neighbor has nearly a dozen chickens in a coop that is placed near Mr. Leghorn’s property line. They do not cause any disturbance, but Mr. Leghorn does not like his neighbor and would like to make his life a bit more difficult. Mr. Leghorn does not think banning chickens outright would be politically wise, but he would like to see some restrictions in place that would limit the amount of chickens that each resident is able to keep. Now that he has been elected, he found the other county supervisors are also in favor of chicken restrictions in Blackacre County, especially if loud roosters are prohibited.
Instructions:
Mr. Leghorn has asked you to do some research on other jurisdictions that have restricted chickens in residential areas. He wants to know if their efforts have been successful and how those restrictions have been received by those communities. He would also like you to find at least two examples of a model code that he can use as an example for his own chicken legislation in Blackacre County. Be sure to consult primary legal authority for the model code examples, but secondary legal authority is acceptable for general research on chicken legislation.
Required Criteria:
In addition to fulfilling the specifics of the Assignment, a successful paper must also meet the following criteria:
- Length should be 2–3 pages, excluding cover page and references page.
- Double-spaced and in a 12-point font
- Viewpoint and purpose should be clearly established and sustained
- Assignment should follow the conventions of Standard American English (correct grammar, punctuation, etc.).
- Writing should be well ordered, logical, and unified, as well as original and insightful.
- Your work should display superior content, organization, style, and mechanics.
- Appropriate citation style should be followed.
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University of North Dakota A Timeless Quality Up from Slavery Paper Humanities Assignment Help
BOOK: UP FROM SLAVERY BY BOOKER T. WASHINGTHON
Your Assignment
For this assignment, think about your author’s rhetorical situation, exigence, and purpose in writing your chosen text. Then, locate a memorable passage from your book, one of at least 300 words, which features rhetorical strategies used by the author to achieve this purpose. In searching for a passage, consider:
- Does the passage feature one or more rhetorical strategies that can be analyzed?
- Do these rhetorical strategies clearly help the author to achieve a specific purpose, effect, or message?
- Is the passage representative of the author’s style?
Then, in a well-written essay, analyze the rhetorical strategies the author uses to achieve his or her purpose, effect, or message.
Remember, structure is part of your strategy as a writer.
Make it a part of your plan! Look back at lessons Introduction to Argument, Structure as Rhetorical Strategy, and Crafting Purposeful Structure and plan how you can organize and develop your ideas for greatest impact and effectiveness before you begin writing.
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CCJ 1020 St Petersburg College Women in Prison Issues and Concerns Paper Law Assignment Help
The course Term Paper will be written in APA (6th edition) Format. This format will consist of the following:
- Cover Page
- Abstract Page
- The Body of the Paper (Content of the Page)
- The Reference Page.
The paper will have a MINIMUM of 5 pages of content. NOT to exceed 8 pages of content. The 5-8 pages DOES NOT include the cover, Abstract and Reference pages. The paper will be written in 12 point Font with one inch (1) margins, doubled spaced, Times Roman Script with the pages numbered. The last page of the paper MUST be at LEAST half filled with content. One or two sentences at the top of the page WILL NOT meet this requirement No design or graphics on the Cover page. No Pictures, Graphs, Charts or Power Points will be included in the body of the paper.
(These items can be attached as addendums to the end of the paper)
The paper MUST have 5 scholarly research reference sources. (Wikipedia and ask.com are NOT scholarly research sources.)
Grading Criteria:
Spelling
Grammar
Sentence Structure
Punctuation
Word Usage
Quality of Content
Research Paper Rubric
You fully discussed and evaluated the issues that were assigned to you, and you explained the main points, key concepts, and included personal assumptions based on cited references. 100 points Including discussion with class and answering questions.
Paper is at least 5 pages long, not including the Cover Page, Abstract, or Reference Page. 20 points
Justified or support ideas and responses by using appropriate references from the SPC Online Library resource databases that include professional journals, trade magazines, newspaper articles, textbooks, and other academic references, interviews. Cited and referenced at least five academic articles. 40 points
Used APA 6th edition style format consistently and accurately using and applying proper in text citations when paraphrasing or quoting a source, and proper listing of references. Meets spelling and proper English grammar requirements, and meets required length. 20 points
Submitted on time and in the correct assignment drop box. 20 points
Total Points: 200
Follow APA (6th edition) format
(An APA Tutorial is attached to the syllabus of this course. Additional tutorial information with examples can be found in Library Resources at the St. Petersburg College/M.M.Bennett Library Resources cite.) The APA format required for this assignment is explained in the Supplemental Textbook; College of Public Safety Handbook. Copies of this book are located at SPC Campus Libraries on Reserve. You can also reference PurdueOwl online for information about APA Term Papers.v
Research Paper Rubric:
Points
Students will fully discussed and evaluated the issues that were assigned to you, and you explained main points, key concepts, and included personal assumptions. 100 points
The Body of the Paper is at least 5 pages long, not including the Cover Page, Abstract, or Reference Page. 20 points
Justify or support ideas and responses by using appropriate references from the SPC Online Library resource databases that include professional journals, trade magazines, newspaper articles, textbooks, and other academic references, interviews. Cite and reference at least five topic related references.
Use APA 6th edition style format consistently and accurately. Apply proper in text citations when paraphrasing or quoting a source, and proper listing of references. Meet spelling and proper English grammar requirements, and meet required length. 20 points
Submitted on time and in the correct assignment drop box 20 points
Total Points: 200 points
CCJ1020 Course Term Paper topics Fall 2019
- Define and Explain the term “The Contemporary Criminal Justice System.” Provide examples and illustration.
- Define “Crime Patterns”. Provide a minimum of 3 examples with detail and explanation.
- Give a timeline of ‘5 Significant Events’ that have impacted Criminal Justice. Give correct sequence of the events and how one influenced the other. Provide examples with explanation.
- Explain the function of police in modern society. Provide details and examples.
- Explain the Court Process: The Participants, Their Functions and Purpose. Explain how they work together.
- What is Bail? How is it used? Give examples and explanation.
- Explain the concept of ‘Probation”. Its origins and process.
8. Discuss Women in Prison: Issues and Concerns Give examples of issues and concerns with explanation
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AIU Online Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery Planning Discussion Computer Science Assignment Help
In your own words, answer this unit’s discussion question (recommended minimum 300 words)
Assignment Details
As you walk into the coffee shop at the IT Guru corporate headquarters you are stopped by the CEO and CIO and asked about your organizations disaster recovery and incident response plans. They have asked you to join them at their table for a short discussion on this topic.
- Discuss the key components of a disaster recovery and incident response program for cloud computing.
- Compare and contrast the differences between concerns for disaster recovery and incident response when offering cloud services as compared to traditional privately managed network models.
Grading Rubric
Assignment Criteria | Proficient Descriptor | Points |
Quality of Main Post
24 Points |
Student’s main post meets or exceeds the following requirements: • Responds completely to all of parts of discussion question (6 points) • Communicates content information accurately and/or logically (6 points) • Delivers a thoughtful response, demonstrating insights and reflections (6 points) • Connects to both key content concepts and personal experiences (6 points) |
/24 pts. |
Response to Peers
24 Points |
• Responds to a minimum of 2 peers (12 points per response) o Substantive response (6 points) o Furthers the conversation with peers. Examples could include (6 points):
|
/24 pts. |
Support from Learning Resources
6 Points |
At least one post refers to course learning resources. | /6 pts. |
Professional Writing
6 points Total |
Response is well-organized, clear, and free of grammatical and mechanical errors.
Posts demonstrate courtesy and respect for others. |
/6 pts. |
Total | 60 points possible | /60 pts. |
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CS 663 Arab Open University Three Best Uses of Digital Forensics Discussion Computer Science Assignment Help
During this module, you explored the topics of digital forensics and investigations. You have undoubtedly heard and read about the different types of computer misuse.
- Describe what you feel are the three best uses of digital forensics. Give reasons for your choices.
- Provide support for those choices using sources from your textbook or the Saudi Digital Library to support your viewpoint.
In preparing your response, include at least one source from professional or academic literature—such as articles from peer-reviewed journals and relevant textbooks. For this course, Wikipedia is not considered an academic or professional reference. Also, proofread and spell check your responses. All sources should be formatted using APA guidelines.
You need to reply to at least two of your peers’ answer posts to this discussion question. These replies need to be substantive and constructive in nature. They should add to the content of the post and evaluate/analyze the answer. Normal course dialogue doesn’t fulfill these two peer replies, but is expected throughout the course. Answering all course questions is also required.
The required textbook for this course is:
Easttom, C. (2019). System forensics, investigation, and response (3rd ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning. ISBN-13: 978-1-284-12184-1
CS 663 Arab Open University Three Best Uses of Digital Forensics Discussion Computer Science Assignment Help[supanova_question]
American Public University What Is Public Policy & Why Should We Study It Discussion Humanities Assignment Help
Quiz 1
Discussion
What is public policy and why should we study it?
Kraft defines public policy as “what public officials within government, and by extension the citizens they represent, choose to do or not to do about public problems.”
1) How would you define public policy? Be sure to draw from scholarly sources to enhance or support your definition; but don’t quote the source. I’d like to see your analysis of the term.
2) Share with us some of the public policies you have seen present within your community or state. Which ones impact your life directly and how?
3) What about national policies? Have there been larger policies that you see a personal connection to?
Be sure to discuss policies rather than current events. While policy can be driven by a current event or catastrophic happening, I want to see the discussion on policy not the event.
Quiz 2
Jeffrey Tulis, in “The Two Constitutional Presidencies,” argues that there is a formal presidency and an informal presidency. As a result, he states, “many of the dilemmas and frustrations of the modern presidency may be traced to the president’s ambiguous constitutional station, a vantage place composed of conflicting elements.”
Comment on Tulis’ thesis, with reference to a specific president. Your post should be at least 300 words.
Quiz 3
Classical Theorists
Reflecting on the readings for Week 1, answer the following questions. Remember to reply your classmates’ posts too.
Why do Plato, and philosophers in general, find the concept of a perfect society, or utopia, so useful?
Finally, why do utopias (both fictional and real-life attempts) often slide into dystopias?
Reading resources for quiz three.
Plato
The Greek physicist, mathematician, and inventor Achimedes purportedly said, “Give me a place to stand and a lever long enough and I will move the world.” Plato’s idealist metaphysics is the place on which he stands to criticize the political world. The Good is the lever Plato he used to move the political.
The Divided Line, which outlines Plato’s two-tiered metaphysics of Being and Becoming, is the linchpin for understanding the Republic. Once you understand the metaphysics of the Divided Line, the other parts of the Republic are much easier to understand – his attack of Athens as a City of Pigs, his education scheme, his critique of materialism, his valuation of the philosopher, his tripartite meta-psychology (reason, will and desires) his view of justice in the individual and state, and his contention that political rulers should be trained in philosophy in addition to being tested morally, trained practically, and selected and removed using stringent standards.
If the Divided Line outlined Plato’s metaphysics or ontology (his theory of reality), the Allegory of the Cave is his epistemology (his theory of how we know that reality). In the lower level of the cave, its inhabitants are mired in misperceptions. As they advance upward, they move through the world of perceptions and into the light. Their movement from Darkness to Light is a transition from the lower realm of becoming to the realm of Being. The realm of Being of light consists of apprehension of the math objects, idea, the forms, and atop that realm – the Good.
The Allegory of the Cave not only parallels the Divided Line, those two constructs in combination can be used to outline the structure of the Republic. The Republic begins in the Pireaus, a symbol of Athenian trade, decadence, and materialism or what Plato would call the rule of desires, the City of Pigs. The Republic then descends downward, through a series of dialogues which disputants with ever more misconceived theories of justice. The nadir or bottom of this descent is Thracymachus’ theory of justice as rule of the stronger.
After his tussle with the Sophist Thracymachus, like the inhabitants of the Allergorical Cave, Socrates begins the long journey upward, toward the Light and the Good. This journey has metaphysical, epistemological, psychological, educational, and artistic aspects. But it also has a very practical political edge.
To understand the practicality of Plato’s politics, one must bear in mind the small size of the Greek polis. To gain political power in Greek city-states didn’t require gaining the hearts and minds of millions. A philosopher acting in the capacity of educator, mentor, and advisor could gain enormous political power through a few well-placed students. Perhaps the best know example of this is Aristotle’s role as teacher and advisor to Alexander the Great.
In contrast with contemporary philosophers, who mostly labor far from the political fray in the ivory towers of academia, Greek philosophers and their had a direct and powerful impact on their politics, for better or worse. Indeed, Alcibiades, one of Socrates students, gave his famous teacher a black eye when he ebtraued Athens.
The Platonic political project may seem unrealistic in a modern age of massive nation states. But in small Greek city states with a few thousand citizens, gaining the ear of handfuls of talented, bright, well borne, young men was a very practical means to political power and influence. As a result, the real audience of the Republic are Glaucon and Adiemantus.
In contemporary terms, the Republic is not unlike Star Wars. Socrates and Plato are like Obi-Wan Kenobi and Yoda, trying to pull Glaucons and Adiemantuses (the Luke Skywalkers) to come towards the Good (the Force) away from the dark side (Sophistry) and the despotism that follows the collapse of democracy (Empire). The Sophists like Thracymachus in the Republic and Callicles in the Gorgias, seek to corrupt the Glaucons and Adiemantuses.
The practical Platonic political project reflects the centrality of the tug of war for the hearts and minds of talented young members of the ruling classes in the Greek world. But Plato’s Republic, like the death of Socrates, also testifies to the other battle that ripped apart the Greek world – the political infighting of oligarchic and democracy factions in Greek city-states.
In many Greek city states, factions in the ruling slave-owning advanced opposing theories of justice, struggled to define and gain citizenship and office holding, and vied for political power. Unlike modern democracy, which allows participation and citizenship for all adults, Greeks confined citizenship to free adult males, excluding women, slaves, and in most cases farmers and workers. As a result, the battle between democrats and oligarchs, the few and the many, was basically a political struggle between the rich and the not quite as rich. These struggles created enormous political instability in the Greek world, as the history of Athens around the time of Socrates and Aristotle shows
Plato’s Republic is not just philosophy, it is the earliest attempt at Political Science. The later parts of the Republic not only develop a typology of political types (the callipolis, timocracy, oligarchy, democracy, and despotism) but also a rudimentary theory of political regime change. Plato’s more empirically and practically oriented student, Aristotle would later develop a much more sophisticated and systematic political typology and theories of regime change. But, the Republic is an impressive start.
The resultant theory of regime change and Plato’s analysis of how oligarchy devolves into democracy and democracy devolves into despotism has a hard-headed realism. Our Founders, blinded by self-interest and fear of their fellow citizens, underestimated the dangers of oligarchy, corruption, materialism and selfishness. In contrast, for all his philosophical idealism Plato was also a realist, keenly aware of the dangers of oligarchic rule, political corruption, and the corrosive impact of materialism, hedonism and selfishness on political life.
This content serves not only as an introduction to basic philosophical terms, but also as the entry point for an understanding of the metaphysics of Plato. Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that deals with the question “what is real?” The philosophical position that ideas are most real is called “idealism.” A philosopher that believes ideas are most real is called “idealist.” This is a slightly different usage than are ordinary language usage of the term idealist which for us means optimistic or in some cases naïve.
“Empiricism” is the philosophical position that sense data is most real. Materialism is the philosophical position that physical things (for example the planets, our bodies, the whole realm of physical objects we find around us) are most real. The term “materialism” has a slightly different meaning in our society meaning someone who is overly concerned with accumulating wealth.
I point out what idealism and materialism do not mean in the context of philosophy because I do not want you to think that when we say Plato is “idealist” that we mean he is overly optimistic. Or, that when we say Marxist is a “materialist” that we are saying that he was overly concerned with accumulating lots of belongings or wealth. Idealism and materialism in this course will nearly always refer to the philosophical positions that ideas or material things are most real, respectively.
You need to understand two other basic philosophical concepts to move through this course. The term “Subject” refers to the knower. The term “Object” refers to the thing that is known. For a philosophical idealist, the subject is the agent of apprehending the real – the idea. For an empiricist, the subject is a perceiver of empirical data (smell, touch, sight, sound, taste).
Reading resources for quiz 2
“The Two Constitutional Presidencies”
What are the powers of a president? What powers did the framers of the Constitution intend for a president to have? Most important, how do the actual powers compare to the intended powers?
Jeffrey Tulis, in “Two Constitutional Presidencies,” notes that while the formal design of the president’s powers are outlined in Article II of the Constitution (the formal presidency), modern developments have created an “informal presidency,” with much greater public expectations. He concludes: “Both constitutions were designed to encourage and support an energetic president, but they differ over the legitimate sources and alleged virtues of popular leadership. For the Founders, presidents draw their energy from their authority, which rests on their independent constitutional position. For Woodrow Wilson and for presidents ever since, power and authority are conferred directly by the people.”
What is Tulis saying? There are official limits on the power of a president laid out in the Constitution, but what really determines what a president can do is popular support. Large “C” constitutional powers are generally more static than small “c” constitutional powers, because popular opinion is much more fluid and unstable than judicial interpretations of the Constitution.
George Washington
Washington’s relationship with the Supreme Court was unique because he chose all members of it. In fact, Washington appointed the entire federal judiciary after Congress created the federal court system. The ability to hand-pick the entire federal judiciary likely contributed to the fact that George Washington had little contention from the Supreme Court. However, it should be noted that the power of judicial review had yet to be established.
Washington did begin pushing the boundaries of what a president can do in two very important ways. First, the concept of executive privilege, or rather secrecy of presidential/executive communications, came into existence when Washington refused to turn communications about Jay’s Treaty over to the House of Representatives. Second, Washington’s response to the Whiskey Rebellion laid the groundwork for the president to be able to deploy military forces in times of emergency.
Andrew Jackson
Jackson was the president who really demonstrated that a president’s powers are determined by what popular opinion will allow, not what the courts or Congress say.
In the article, “Studying the Presidency: Why Presidents Need Political Scientists,” Lyn Ragsdale offers interesting generalizations about the presidency, many of which could be applied to Jackson’s tenure. The presidency has two dimension, which are comparable to the “two constitutions,” image and institution. Public opinion polls show that the public most consistently expects presidents to place the country’s interests ahead of politics, be intelligent, exercise sound judgment in a crisis, take firm stands on issues, get the job done, and be concerned about the average citizen. Early press coverage, which deals with family stories and future policy plans, is more favorable than subsequent press coverage. Short successful wars, sudden international crises, and significant diplomatic efforts temporarily improve the president’s public approval ratings.
Jackson had several questionable moves as president, such as his actions over the National Bank even after the Supreme Court ruled it as constitutional in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819). But Jackson is known for his lack of enforcement of the 1832 Supreme Court ruling in Worcester v. Georgia, where the court ruled that removal of the Cherokee Tribe from Georgia was unlawful. Popular opinion nationally and in Georgia was that the court was wrong. Neither the state of Georgia nor Andrew Jackson enforced the decision, as if it never happened. Jackson was alleged to have said, “John Marshall has made his decision; now let him enforce it!” There’s no strong evidence Jackson actually said this, but his action, or rather inaction, did reflect such a sentiment.
Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln took extraordinary actions during extraordinary times. What expanded greatly in his administration was the range of emergency powers a president could use. Among these were jailing political opponents, suspending constitutional rights of habeas corpus, and declarations of martial laws in parts of the U.S. Chief Justice Taney ruled that Lincoln’s suspension of habeas corpus was illegal. Lincoln, with popular support mostly behind him, ignored the ruling and even threatened to put Taney in jail.
Most extraordinary was the use of force to coerce states to remain part of the Union. Secession had been considered, until that time, a legitimate action taken by states who no longer wanted to remain in the Union. Ironically, the first states threatening secession were in the north over the War of 1812. None of these actions would have withstood a majority of public opinion siding against Lincoln, and neither would have his 1864 reelection campaign. But Lincoln shaped the government to his ends essentially making good on a statement he made to Stephen Douglas in 1858, “”Whoever can change public opinion can change the government.”
Woodrow Wilson
Following Teddy Roosevelt’s lead, Wilson appealed directly to American voters to build support for his policies. These included creation of the Federal Reserve and new regulations on businesses. Lasting over a century after his presidency, he made the U.S. a leader on the world stage and openly supported intervention into the affairs of other countries. Enjoying large majorities in both chambers of Congress, Wilson worked on breaking down the legal wall between the presidency and the legislative tasks of Congress. This was a case of small “c” constitutional powers encroaching on large “C” constitutional powers.
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
By speaking directly to the American people through his “fireside chats” on the radio, Roosevelt strongly established the link between popular support and small “c” constitutional powers. He continued in Wilson’s vein of legislative leadership, pushing bold new federal initiatives. Like Wilson, he enjoyed large Democratic majorities in Congress, yet popular support helped drive his policies and was reflected in unprecedented string of three reelections.
A recurring theme that should be noticed is under which conditions a president will most likely have popular support to expand small “c” constitutional powers. That’s when the U.S. was in a state of war, whether it was Jackson and the Indian wars, Lincoln and the Civil War, Wilson and WWI, Roosevelt and WWII, or even George Bush and the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq.
Quiz 1 reading resources
What Is Public Policy?
Public policy includes the specific actions government takes to rectify a public situation, to establish goals and develop methods to accomplish them, to set guidelines and best practices, and to communicate agency expectations and standards. It might be broadly said that public policy is simply what a public official who influences or determines public policy does or does not do about a problem that comes before them to be considered and acted upon.
There are many issues in the United States’ communities that remain unsolved, some of which can be dealt with in the private sphere (requiring only the actions of individuals or families). The larger, civil society (which includes social, economic, or political associations or organizations) is required to handle others. Public policy problems are those that must be addressed by the government (federal, state or local) through laws and regulations. Hundreds of millions of people can be impacted by a single public policy. Therefore, it cannot be considered or planned in haste. In some cases and for different reasons, a public policy must be replaced.
Public policy as a whole is difficult to define, as it is a very broad term. Most can agree that public policy:
- is made in response to an issue or problem that requires attention, representing what the government chooses to do or not do about that issue or problem.
- might take the form of law, regulation, or set of laws and regulations governing a particular issue or problem.
- is made on behalf of the “public,” which includes all Americans.
- is oriented toward a specific goal or state, such as solving a problem or issue.
- is ultimately made by governments, though the ideas for the policy can come from many different sources outside of the government.
- is part of an ongoing process that has no beginning or end, since it is continually being reassessed, revisited, and revised.
For each policy action, there are one or more contexts at play for its creation, modification, or rejection. There are five public policy contexts that affect public policy: social, economic, political, governmental and cultural.
Policymaking and Political Culture
The political culture of the United States places a great value on individual freedom, equality, progress, efficiency, and practicality. The economy is practically and pragmatically regulated under this form of democracy, and present problems are dealt with before long-term plans are made. This is also a diverse nation with diverse values, and these differences in values lead to different public policies. For example, debates have been sparked over whether private or national health care systems are the best model for the nation, or if economic competition is preferable to enterprises being state-owned. A number of different political cultures have arisen as a result of these differences, including:
INDIVIDUALISTIC CULTURE
The individualistic culture, which focuses on private concerns. In this culture, government is a utilitarian device, and policy issues are of minimal concern.
MORALISTIC CULTURE
TRADITIONALIST CULTURE
Policy Analysis
It is clear that a variety of contexts can drive policy development, implementation, and change. But how do we trust the underlying contexts? Whether acting as a citizen, government official, part of the administration, advocate, or one of a host of other individuals and groups connected to the policy system, it is imperative that the policy be analyzed.
Solid policy analysis requires systematic, thoughtful, and impartial assessment of the problems and/or solutions being identified by the policy and a consideration of its outcomes, alternatives, and impact. This process takes into account effectiveness, efficiency, equity, ethics, technical feasibility, political feasibility, and institutional capacity.
- FRAMEWORK FOR POLICY ANALYSIS
- THREE APPROACHES TO POLICY ANALYSIS
One of the most accepted models for policy analysis is that set forth by Carl V. Patton and David S. Sawicki, which has the following six steps (Patton and Sawicki 1986, p.26):
- Verify, define and detail the problem. Determine what the problem is exactly, and whether that problem can be solved on a lower level or if public policy is necessary.
- Establish evaluation criteria. This step allows other evaluation criteria to be considered in addition to cost; other valued criteria may include effectiveness, political acceptability, or votes and equity.
- Identify alternative policies. Once the goals are known and evaluation criteria specified, it should be possible to develop a set of alternative ways of getting to known goals.
- Evaluate these alternatives. Once alternative policies have been identified, they can be evaluated by deciding the particular points in favor or against each one.
- Select an alternative policy. The results of the evaluation may be presented as a list of alternatives or as a preferred alternative. Implementation of the choice occurs at this step as well.
- Monitor policy outcomes. Monitoring or evaluation of progress should be fundamental to every public policy. According to the nature of public policy, the original problem can be expected to evolve into others.
Official Policymakers
Many persons and groups share power over policy, but the ones that come to mind for many are the official policymakers, which include elected and appointed government officials. A system of checks and balances distributes the authority to make policy in order to prevent abuse of power and guarantee individual liberties, and ideally, to avoid inefficiency, duplication, and unnecessary expense.
The balance of power between the federal government and state governments has shifted over time. Today, national defense, transportation, interstate commerce, are generally the domain of the federal government, while the states traditionally dominate the areas of law enforcement, property rights, public education, land use regulation, highway construction, occupational licensing, and public sanitation.
Conditions Affecting Policymaking
Many parties are involved in the making of public policy, including businesses, groups, and individuals. These parties compete and work together to influence policymakers to act in a particular way concerning policies that are of interest to them, using a number of tactics to advance their interests. Perfect policies rarely emerge from the political process, and policy outcomes are usually the result of compromises between parties.
Businesses usually consider what is in their best interest when they decide which position on a policy issue to support. Will this policy help the business achieve its greatest possible profits? Is the policy politically feasible? How many other people will support it? Will it achieve the desired outcome in a cost efficient manner? For example, an automobile manufacturer may have the choice of supporting or opposing a proposed policy to completely eliminate carbon emissions. The benefits to the environment and to public health would be great. However, it would involve an extremely high economic cost for the manufacturer. But if another proposed policy calls for a gradual reduction in carbon emissions from automobiles, the company would have far more ease in shouldering its expense.
Public opinion, economic conditions, new scientific discoveries, technological change, interest groups, business lobbying, and other political activity all influence public policy. As many influencing factors pull and push policy in different directions, change in public policy often happens slowly.
Influence of the Media and Internet on Policymaking
The media and Internet are among the biggest influence to determine which problems rise to prominence on the national agenda. While many older Americans still look to television, radio, and newspapers to acquire most of their awareness of political issues, younger Americans tend to turn to social media on the Internet for that purpose.
The impact of the media and Internet is highly persuasive where policymaking is concerned. A large body of research reveals a strong relationship between the media agenda and the public agenda, but what has caused this influence? It may be easy to assume that media outlets emphasize issues that will garner the attention of the public, and that it therefore reflects public opinion. But other analyses have shown that the media and its agenda dictates public opinion itself.
It has been shown that controlled media exposure significantly influences the perceptions that citizens have concerning how important and salient the issues are. However, others have found that the media influenced public opinion on “spectacular” issues such as national defense and crime, but that public opinion influenced media coverage on not-so sensational topics such as environmental issues. In the case of elections, public opinion was only influenced by endorsements that strengthened their initial choices—for example, a voter who already planned to vote on a particular candidate would be likely to increase their enthusiasm when a local newspaper endorsed that candidate, but not so likely to change their mind when the newspaper endorsed his or her opponent.
The relationships between public opinion, media coverage, and policymaking across a variety of policy issues during legislative hearings have also been examined and have shown strong correlations, with the strongest between the media and policymaking and the weakest between the public and policymaking. This examination has suggested that policymakers pay considerable attention to media coverage on important issues and consider that coverage to be of greater importance than public opinion.
Conclusion

Public policy is a complex topic with many variables to consider. A variety of contexts can drive policy development, implementation and change. Since a number of government officials and informal policy actors participate in this process and are connected to the policy system, analyzing policy is imperative. Solid policy analysis takes into account effectiveness, efficiency, equity, ethics, technical feasibility, political feasibility and institutional capacity.
References
Cogan, A., Sharpe, S., & Hertzberg, J. (1986). Citizen participation. The Practice of state and regional planning. Chicago, IL: American Planning Association.
Parker, B. (2002). Planning Analysis: The Theory of Citizen Participation. University of Oregon. Retrieved from http://pages.uoregon.edu/rgp/PPPM613/class10theory.htm.
Patton, C. V., & Sawicki, D.S. (1986). Basic Methods of Policy Analysis and Planning. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
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Westcliff University Attractiveness of an Audit Firm Discussion Business Finance Assignment Help
This Professional Assignment (PA 1) requires a minimum of three (3) pages (and a minimum of six [6] peer-reviewed sources)APA formatted Word Document in response to the following questions. Your answers should be clear, well-organized, and specific. Provide a concise, cogent argument and include details to support your response.
Please review the following case and then provide detailed answers to the listed questions:
Manager Andersen, concerned about her current customer base, started to think of factors that might affect the attractiveness of an auditing firm. Of course, the provided service quality and the fees charged by the auditor seem two important factors. Next, she decides that the reputation of the auditing firm also needs to be included in the framework as an independent variable. As illustrated by the dramatic effects of recent auditing scandals, reputation seems especially important for large auditors (i.e., auditing firms that are large in size). Finally, manager Andersen believes that also the proximity of the auditing firm to the customer is another variable to be included as an independent variable. Proximity very likely affects the possibility for the client to personally meet with the auditors on a regular basis and she knows from her own contact with customers that they perceive personal interactions as quite important. Please provide your detail explanations to the following questions:
- Identify the problem.
- Create research questions.
- Identify the dependent, independent, moderating, and mediating variables.
- Sketch a diagram representing the theoretical model.
- Develop a minimum of four (4) testable hypotheses.
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College of Central Florida Emotional Responses to Trauma Discussion Posts Health Medical Assignment Help
I have 3 discussion posts I need someone to reply to and respond faithfully
post 1- Weal
- What struck you about the contents of this podcast?
What surprised me about it was the truck driver’s belief that he was entitled to compensation as a result of the collision. In situations like this, I’m always confused. I was driving the ambulance for a shift around 4 years ago, and I was in a car park traveling to the outer edge to park. However, as I drove by the business, a man stooped down (it was raining, and he was trying to stay dry) and rushed into the other side of my vehicle, hitting my rearview and slipping down near my vehicle until he fell to the ground. He basically T-boned my vehicle with his own body. I expected him to sue since everyone wants money, and my firm did finally settle despite the fact that he was found to be the cause of the tragedy. I still can’t even drive into the petrol station; thus, I could just have sued for mental distress based on this concept.
2 – Some of the ideas about emotions and the way trauma impacts the brain might be controversial. How did you react to these ideas?
To be honest, I completely get the premise. After witnessing footage of color blind individuals obtaining special spectacles that restore their vision and enabling them to perceive color, I connected it to my own thoughts. My question was if they just perceive various shades of grey, then how did they become so conscious of green and yellow? Which led me to the conclusion that we don’t actually understand what colors are since someone named them years ago, and that’s all there is to it. However, this would be my mode of understanding if my parents told me when I was a kid that red color was blue color and blue color was red color.
The notion of learned thoughts and feelings does not shock me; after all, if everything else can be learned, why can’t emotions be studied? I see it all the time with my niece or any small child. Therefore, when a kid falls, and their parents hurry to comfort them and pick them up, the child learns that every time they fall, then they will be comforted by their parents. If, on the other hand, the kid falls down and the parent check to see if they’re okay and help them to pick them up while remaining comforting, the youngster learns to comfort themselves.
3 – How would you challenge those ideas or how might you be intrigued to explore more?
I would not really question the idea, but I would question our society’s acceptance or lack thereof of conventional mental health/ emotional therapy, despite the fact that acceptance is increasing. Why not consult a mental health specialist for our minds? We all go to the doctor at least once yearly physical, unwell or not. I recently began to see a therapist (currently asymptomatic, proactively, but I have battled in the past, operating in a hectic ALS 911 EMS sector, I have experienced things and even had self-traumas; hence, I understand that in order to remain healthy, my mind must be present as well) but also just one discussion has enabled me to understand more about how my brain functions and seeks to safeguard me from myself.
To avoid getting too far into the weeds of the present situation of the United States, I feel one of the big issues present in this country is that the bulk of us was not trained to discuss “hot subjects.” We were taught “don’t speak about race, religion, sexual orientation or politics.” and so on” out of fear of offending someone else. That, on the other hand, does not educate us on how to appropriately handle these things as adults, and it prevents us from having these uncomfortable talks. When they do, it can cause serious problems amongst otherwise decent friends who don’t understand how to properly present themselves or appreciate what other people have to say on a given subject.”
References
Invisibilia (2017). Emotions. https://www.npr.org/2017/06/01/530928414/emotions-part-one
2- SNEE
- What struck you about the contents of this podcast?
- Some of the ideas about emotions and the way trauma impacts the brain might be controversial. How did you react to these ideas?
- How would you challenge those ideas or how might you be intrigued to explore more?
The contents of this podcast were filled with a lot of knowledge of how people view emotions, and the psychological trauma that can occur when we don’t handle our feelings correctly as a child. I was intrigued to learn the comparison of both Amanda, and Tommy and how they both handled emotions a different way. I enjoyed how the podcast gave a back story to both Amanda, and Tommy. I loved the beginning of the podcast where they described Amanda with this pickle box. It made the podcast feel that this story was going to be a happy, and positive one. When we learned that Amanda’s pickle box was ruined by her father, and Amanda was not allowed to feel her emotions I knew there was going to be some type of trauma from the story. In Amanda’s story she was told that emotions are a burden, and something she just has to deal with. In Tommy’s case he was told to control your emotions and just suck it up when his father was hitting him. Both individuals were told to feel the pain yet to not express it. Hide it, and run away from these feelings. Later we learned that culture, science, self-worth, and past experiences cause us to have his idea of introspection of concepts in our mind that can be changed over time.
The ideas of trauma can impact the brain in many different ways. The podcast gave PTSD as an example in both Tommy, and Amanda. Tommy and Amanda both experienced trauma but it affected them in different ways. Although Tommy was not family, he felt similar pain that Amanda was feeling. He truly felt like a killer, and could not be a father to his own children. They appeared to both have sadness, regret, worry, defeat, and low self-worth. I remember the feeling I had when the podcast stated the date “June 8th, 2004”. I had this feeling of worry when they stated the date, and knowing they spoke earlier that it was raining that day. It was if my brain knew something horrific was going to happen. I also remember a part in the podcast where they focused on Mikayla being buckled in safely, and giving her mom a big long hug. This emphasis of safely, and comfort between the mom, and Mikayla caused me to think something was going to happen to one of them. When the podcast described how the car looked, I felt a feeling of sickness in my stomach. I thought that the imaginary of how the car looked was similar to the way people act when they have a brain injury. The podcast stated “the car looked like an animal, ripped apart like a pack of wolves. Totally mangled with the parts all in the wrong places”(National Public Radio, 2017). I got this view in my mind of a damaged brain. The car is the brain, and people can act like animals when they are angry, and feel sadness. They are not themselves. The wolves are the pain we experience in life, and the parts all in the wrong places are our minds trying to figure out how to put the right emotions in the right place. The way our mind heals after trauma is a lot like putting the “parts” back in the right place. This is why I felt that Tommy had a right to sue for emotional pain. He took much longer to “put his parts back in the right place”, in compared to Amanda that bounced back after just a couple months. I did not agree with Amanda towards the end of the podcast when she stated that Tommy didn’t have the right to feel that way. Everyone has the right to feel the way their body responds. It is up to us to take the concepts and understand if this feeling is appropriate for each specific trauma.
Ideas that I would challenge is when Lisa Feldman stated that you can not choose how you respond. Emotions are built into our brain, and there is nothing your can do. There was an example of “If you cut us, we bled; a child dies we cry”. I do not feel that everyone experiences this same feeling. The example of getting cut, and then bleeding is scientific, yet a child dying will not cause everyone to cry. Some people do not have that emotion of sadness that is connected to loving children. People with brain injuries, and the neurodiverse population will not necessarily cry if a child dies. Some may laugh, some may cry, some may not feel anything at all. Emotions are more of the concepts of what the brain sends to the body, telling the system what to feel. This is why the special needs population will not experience the same emotion, because there is damage to their system. To learn more about this idea I feel I might listen to another podcast of lnvisibilia, or read more books about how the mind, and emotions are related to trauma.
References
NPR. (2017, June 1). Emotions. NPR. https://www.npr.org/2017/06/01/530928414/emotions-part-one.
3- DOU WO
The first thing that struck me was that the new view of emotions sounds similar to combining social learning theory and cognitive dissonance theory. Instead of theorizing, only behaviors are learned through social interactions; emotions are also learned through social interactions. We as a culture appear to create a set of rules around emotions and pass it through generations. More specifically, our culture defines our perception of the world, which subsequently influences how we feel about things around us. For example, different cultures view death differently, which results in people worldwide reacting to deaths differently.
Tommy learned from his father that men have the ability to control their emotions, and he also learned that he is a skilled driver because society identifies him as a professional driver. Tommy’s case demonstrated that when the accident created dissonance between his cognition (that he is a skilled driver and has control of his emotions) and behavior (a collision resulting in a child’s death), Tommy suffered mental stress. Since there is no way to justify a child’s death or change any past behavior, the only resolution for Tommy is to change his cognition and understand that men cannot control their emotions, and the child’s death had nothing to do with his driving skills.
To apply this in disaster settings, responders often learned from our culture (TV shows, news, everyday interactions) that their roles are to save lives, and the braves will save lives. They learned that there are expectations of their professions. Maybe we can reduce the dissonance early on and mitigate some of the post-incident mental stress through cultural changes? Maybe by calling responders “heroes,” we are setting them up for future dissonance?
I partly agree with Barrett’s statement that emotions are not “hardwired”, although I thought it was a bit sensationalizing. To my understanding, Barrett suggests that since our emotions construct the world around us, we can control our emotions by changing and relearn how we perceive the world. However, this notion does not change the results of our existing emotions and perceptions. Once emotional trauma is done, we cannot go back in time to change our existing perception of the world to undo the trauma. Let’s use lung cancer as an analogy: discovering the link between smoking and lung cancers does not help cure lung cancer. Just as discovering that we can relearn or control our emotions, does not mean PTSD is not real or that we can undo the physical damage caused by stress. Obviously, this is a much deeper topic than just “emotions” and we should take a more comprehensive approach to look at stress: what causes emotional stress, how it translates to physical stress on a systemic level, and how it translates to genetic changes. Barrett’s finding may only be a very small part of a really big picture.
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Florida Atlantic Patient Isolation in Private Care Rooms Article Summary Writing Assignment Help
I’m working on a writing discussion question and need support to help me understand better.
Access to books: https://b-ok.cc/book/5003648/ad2340 and https://b-ok.cc/book/5412383/d136ed
READ
- LoBiondo-Wood, G. & Haber, J.
- Chapters 5, 6, 7, 8, & 18
Summary Articles – do not need an abstract, just a title page, one-page summary, and a reference page.
Your summary article must be based on research. I am looking for you to explain the research project to me. Therefore, it would be best if you answered the following questions:
- What is the research question?
- What research method is being used?
- How are the subjects chosen (explain the parameters & how many, etc.)
- What are the results of the study?
- What are the recommendations?
- What are your opinions?
Find and read a nursing scholarly article that relates to your clinical practice and is found in a peer-reviewed journal. Follow the instructions for the format and write a 1-page summary.
[supanova_question]
https://anyessayhelp.com/
READ
- LoBiondo-Wood, G. & Haber, J.
- Chapters 5, 6, 7, 8, & 18
Summary Articles – do not need an abstract, just a title page, one-page summary, and a reference page.
Your summary article must be based on research. I am looking for you to explain the research project to me. Therefore, it would be best if you answered the following questions:
- What is the research question?
- What research method is being used?
- How are the subjects chosen (explain the parameters & how many, etc.)
- What are the results of the study?
- What are the recommendations?
- What are your opinions?
Find and read a nursing scholarly article that relates to your clinical practice and is found in a peer-reviewed journal. Follow the instructions for the format and write a 1-page summary.