Long Version of inside the meltdown: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/film/meltdown/

Please respond to the following:

• Using the following links to the Frontline videos and then answer the following questions:
  • Short Version – https://youtu.be/HX6Fg62l0e8
  • Long Version – https://youtu.be/7MXOr3KELqE

1. What was the impact of the near failure of Bear Stearns and the failure of Lehman Brothers on Money Markets?
2. What actions did the Federal Reserve and the Treasury Department take? What were the impacts of the decisions if any?

Select a story from a one of the sources listed below in which a scholarly conversation may be taking place (or have the potential to take place):

Harris, R. (2017, January 18). What does it mean when cancer findings can’t be reproduced? [NPR Morning Edition]. Retrieved from http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/01/18/510304871/what-does-it-mean-when-cancer-findings-cant-be-reproduced

Rubin, A. (2017, January 13). What happens when hackers hijack our smart devices? [TED Radio Hour]. Retrieved from http://www.npr.org/2017/01/13/509355546/what-happens-when-hackers-hijack-our-smart-devices

Vischer, V. (2014, April 28). On Holocaust Remembrance Day, remembering Terezin and Viktor Ullmann. Retrieved from http://www.cpr.org/classical/story/holocaust-remembrance-day-remembering-terezin-and-viktor-ullmann

Then, provide the following:

• Summary or paraphrase of the source in 2-3 paragraphs. Need help writing a summary or paraphrase? Watch this video (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u1t0G7ZnRG8) for a refresher.
• Evaluation of the source. For this, answer the questions: Who are they key players? What disciplines do they come from? What are their perspectives and experiences in relation to the topic discussed? Do you perceive any biases or omissions? Does the source represent the “voices” of a specific field, organization, etc.?

Your written submission should adhere to APA citation and formatting per the CSU-Global Guide to Writing & APA (http://csuglobal.libguides.com/apacitations).

Read the attachments first.

1-8d Leadership Case Problem A

Elon Musk, Business Leader and Superhero

While still in his early forties, Elon Musk had established himself as one of the world’s best known entrepreneurs and corporate leaders. His rise to fame began in 1999 when he founded X.com, an online payment company that eventually became PayPal, and was later sold to eBay for $1.5 billion in stock. In a few years, Musk invested this large amount of money into three start-up companies.

Musk wanted to start a low-cost Mars mission that would capture the imagination of thousands of people about space travel. To make life interplanetary, Musk reasoned that a transport system was needed that would be completely and rapidly reusable. To meet this need, in 2002, he founded Space Exploration Technologies (or SpaceX). In 2012, the Dragon spacecraft of SpaceX delivered 500 pounds of provisions and equipment to the International Space Station. Dragon returned nine days later, landed in the Pacific Ocean precisely on target two minutes ahead of schedule and in excellent condition.

In his quest to help Earth become less dependent on carbon-generating fuels, he cofounded Tesla, the electric car company and SolarCity that manufacture and markets solar-energy systems. Tesla automobiles are sold directly to consumers, often through two dozen stores of galleries in the United States. Traditional dealers dislike this direct approach to sales because they say it violates state franchise laws.

Musk was raised in South Africa and Canada before coming to the United States to complete his college education. He holds undergraduate degrees in physics and business from the University of Pennsylvania. Musk acquired his expertise in aerospace engineering on his own, including being guided by textbooks on subjects such as fundamentals of liquid propellants as well as propulsion elements. Musk has also carefully studied the biography of Albert Einstein.

Musk is a strong believer in simplicity in technical design, manufacturing, and in running an organization. Tim Mueller, the director of propulsion systems at SpaceX, says that the bureaucracy is much simpler in his company than in an organization such as NASA that has to satisfy so many constituents. He says, “If you want to change something or fix something, just talk to Elon. It keeps the signal-to-noise ratio high.”

Musk displays a strong belief in his own capabilities and creativity, seen as a sign of hubris by some observers. He believes that he has a design that will allow for the colonization of Mars. Musk has filed for almost no patents because he believes that he is so strongly ahead of the field that nobody else could copy his technology. Musk’s reasoning is that if you move fast enough, nobody can catch you.

Several people who worked for Musk in the past describe him as autocratic and blunt, often to the point of being offensive. Steve Jurveson, a SpaceX board member said about Musk, “Like Steve Jobs, Elton does not tolerate C or D players. But I’d say he’s nicer than Jobs and a bit more refined than Bill Gates.” In 2013, when three battery-related fires erupted in Tesla cars, Musk responded combatively to critics via his blog. He pointed out that gasoline fires were a greater potential danger than battery fires in an electric vehicle.

Musk is such a fanatic about design that he devotes hours to personally inspecting every Tesla car. He will notice a headlamp misaligned by a few millimeters. He once said that the wrong type of screw in a sun visor, “feels like daggers in my eyes.”

Jon Farveau, a friend of Musk, and the director of Iron Man movies claims that Musk is the basis for his version of comic book hero Tony Stark, the playboy who invents a flying suit with built-in weapons.

Questions

1. Which roles does Musk appear to occupy as a leader of his companies?
2. What would you perceive to be a key advantage and a key disadvantage of reporting directly to Musk?
3. What is your overall evaluation of Elon Musk as both a business leader and a leader in society?
4. What factors might have Musk, similar to the late Steve Jobs, going for him as a leader that people will put up with his blunt approach to people?

Assignment 3: Ideology

1. Watch the assigned television show. 2. Read one of the following essays. 3. Read my notes. 4. Write a paper following the directions provided on this page.

Due Date:
Aug 28 (12 noon)
Assignment 3

This week’s TV show

This week’s TV show is NFL football (regular season)
pick a game of your choice from week 1

ESSAYS

Wikipedia

Ideology
Maurice Cranston

MY NOTES

Ideology is confusing. I explain ideology as a the collection of values or preferences shared by a group of people. An ideological group shares a dominant ideology. Let’s take another look at these binary oppositions:

good	evil
young	old
attractive	unattractive
justice	injustice
smart	dumb
rich	poor
thin	fat
athletic	couch potato
white	black
men	women
sexy	unsexy
masculine	feminine

The people who believe in the dominant ideology of a group will generally agree that these binary oppositions should be resolved. They agree on what “masculinity” means within the group; they agree on what “femininity” means to the group. The members of the dominant ideology share values and preferences on how binary oppositions should be resolved.

Accordingly, the mass media teaches the members of the culture the dominant ideology by teaching them how to resolve the binary oppositions and what rewards and punishments are associated with how the binary oppositions are resolved.

Now I am borrowing from John Fiske and Stuart Hall and many other scholars. People within the dominant ideology agree with how a program resolves the binary oppositions within the story line. Other people may disagree with the resolution and disagree with the ideology–be in opposition to the dominant ideology. Some people may negotiate a position within the ideology. Others, may find a position on the margins of the ideology.

I will use marriage as an example.

In American culture, the dominant ideological position is for a man and woman to be in love, to have sex and child, and raise a family in a state of marriage. This is the dominant or the preferred position. People who agree with this statement accept the dominant ideology and are rewarded by society, the law, and their friends.
However, we accept many other relationships as being acceptable within our culture, but not dominant. These negotiated positions will be punished. Among the negotiated positions within our dominant ideology are:

Dating, particularly if the couple is in love, but not financially ready for marriage.
Choosing a celibate life.
The couple being of the same gender.
A male and female living together outside marriage.
A man or a woman who is not in a relationship, but seeks out sexual partners.
People who chose to live alone.

People in total oppositional positions will be more socially isolated or even arrested.

People who prefer polygamy.
People who chose relationships with children.
People who chose partners through violence, like rape.

As you can see, our culture has one dominant ideological position, many less acceptable cultural positions, and some positions that will land you in jail. However, there are attempts within our culture to establish other dominant ideologies. In isolated parts of the western U.S., groups have formed their own communities based on polygamy. I am sure there are still a few communes around where people in the community share sexual partners. The biggest ideological conflict is over the role of homosexual marriage within our culture and law.

Among competing groups, the binary oppositions change little. Definitions change.

As I said in the previous reading, television teaches the audience how to resolve binary oppositions, according to the producers of the television show, by rewarding the people who demonstrate the proper behavior and by punishing the improper behavior. Television is the dominant means for teaching ideology in American society.

Another tool for cultural assimilation is the school system, which helps teach students what is preferred and what is not. I require you to write your papers according to the preferred standards of the English language. If you violate those standards, I will dock your grade. If you cannot meet those standards, I can give you a zero. I am teaching and enforcing dominant ideology.

Football is an ideological conflict between two teams. The winner will be preferred; the heroes will be preferred. The loser will be punished throughout the week by the media and fans. The players whose mistakes lead to victory for the other team will be punished for their errors by being denied respect by the people who follow football. They were less masculine and more feminine by extension than the heroes and the winners.

The TV commenators will be a veteran sportscaster (like Jim Nantz) and a former NFL player and football expert (like Phil Simms). They will present the players in binary oppositions. The binary oppositions will be the coaches, the opposing quarterbacks, the offenses and defensives, the stars from the two teams, and finally the fans of the opposing teams.. The sportscaster does the play by play and then feeds the question to the ex-football player. The expert is a former player or coach who has been a hero, victor, and winner. Based on the game, the expert identifies the heroes and explains how they were heroes; the expert identifies the losers and how they failed.

Networks will have these camera positions so that it can present the binary oppositions. The teams line up and the camera will be a wide shot from a high angle so that we can see the whole play. There will be a camera trained on the quarterback, others on the running backs, and others on the wide receivers. There will be a camera on the key defensive player. There will be cameras on the sidelines. There will be cameras viewing the game from each end zone. When the play is over, the network will show us the play again in slow motion during the 45 seconds that the team huddles. We will see the hero–offense or defense–being heroic by being more masculine than the opposition players. The former NFL player will explain to us what this happens, informing us who was the hero and who was the loser.

Questions asked from the perspective of binary oppositions:

What is the primary binary opposition set up during the football? Usually these are the coaches and the quarterbacks. What are the secondary binary oppositions? Wide receivers and running backs versus the best defensive players. Or, coach vs. coach.

You don’t need to count, but how many times were these binary oppositions presented during the course of the game?

Did the announcers identify the heroes or the losers? How did they present the position of the dominant ideology?

Pay attention to how the commentators use superlatives? Words like great, fantastic, all-time, totally fooled, totally outmatched, etc.

What role did the camera shots play? Did the shots show the heroes and the losers?

Paper 3:
Applying ideology to NFL football

Section 1: Summarize the game in one paragraph, i.e., no more than half of a page. We all watched a game. 10 points

Section 2: Explain the theory. Tell me which parts of ideology theory (the reading and my notes) you are going to use and how you are going to apply the theory to this show. 10 points

Section 3: Critique the announcers and the game presentation from the perspective of ideology. 20 points

Section 4: Your conclusion should be a logical result of what you have said in the first three sections of the paper. This is not a football paper about who won and why. This is a paper on how the television presentation fit with the theory of binary oppositions. Your conclusion should be based on your critique.

Your conclusion should not be a personal opinion, but a logically developed conclusion based on ideology theory. This is not a football paper. Do not tell me why the winning team won the game or do any game analysis unless it is directly connected to your analysis of the ideology.