Listening paper: 300 words included introduction, and one body paragraph–Music Analysis

Music from the Heart of Japan and the Spirit of India–YO weaves these ancient traditions into the music of today

Information from: www.tyburhoe.com/pageyo

in the paper, please answer the follow questions:

1. What kinds of instruments are being played and how do they interact?

2. How do the performers talk about what they do? (i.e. what kind of language do they use in describing their work?)

3. In what specific ways to they blend Japanese and Indian musics?

4. Can you identify any similarities to other styles of musics we’ve discussed so far this semester?

5. Can you identify the meter, form, or pitch structure of any of their pieces?

I will email you the recording of the performance.

I JUST NEED THIS PAPER TO BEEN EDITED AND ADDED SOME MORE SENTENCE AND CORRECT ALL THE GRAMMATIC ERROR.

i can only pay$3.00

I just got the feedbacks from the Chair for my dissertation and she wants me to make some more changes and resubmit it . So,here are some of the with some instructions.

These are the instructions from the Chair:

1. The topic of the dissertation is way too broad

2. focus on the family caregivers only

3. focus and show the impact of stress on family caregivers

4. Use and explain the quantitative inventory that measures stress

5. What aspects of specific qualitative interviews are you going to use.

6. You must show the gap you are writing about.

7. Please read the comments from the chair in the attached paper.

A Mixed Method Study of the Implications of High Stress among Caregivers for Patients with Alzheimer’s disease

Ph.D. Psychology Program – Clinical Psychology

Introduction and Background of the Study

The problem and burden of high stress among the caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease is paramount. This is due to the adverse economic impact and negative social changes on the families of the afflicted individuals and the society as a whole (Cuéllar-Flores et al., 2014The condition remains the only one among the top 10 causes of death in the United States of America that is not preventable. Moreover, Alzheimer’s disease cannot be cured, and its progression cannot be controlled.Citation? Over 5 million American of different ages suffered from this disease in 2015.Citation? This population includes over 5 million individuals between the age of 65 and above and an estimated 300,000 under the age of 65 with early-onset of Alzheimer’s disease (Hebert et al., 2013). Alzheimer’s disease ranks as one of the most costly and expensive chronic illnesses to the family of the afflicted as well as to the society. In 2015 alone, the immediate cost to the United States of America for providing care to individuals who have Alzheimer’s disease is projected to be over $228 billion, with over half of the cost expected to be paid by Medicare. Such a scenario is a crisis that requires immediate intervention; otherwise, this disease is already projected to cost the American society over $1.5 trillion in 2050.

Millions of family member of individuals who have Alzheimer’s disease provide caregiving services to their loved ones citation?and by so doing complement the efforts of the health care providers in the delivery of health care services. This project underscores the high level of stress, financial difficulties and economic hardships associated with providing care to these Alzheimer’s disease patients during their treatment phase. It is imperative to note that these family members or friends who act as caregivers to their loved ones are not professionals like physicians and nurses. According to Kemp (2015), they lack adequate coping and stress management skills necessary for the type of strains, devastating economic tolls and a variety of other unforeseen conditions to which they are exposed as caregivers. It has been strongly pointed out that, caregiving without the required training and skills are deleterious to the caregivers’ health to the extent that their continued safety and daily well-being need to be taken very seriously (Zehner Ourada & Walker, 2014). Compared to non-givers, they often experience psychological, behavioral, and physiological effects that can contribute to impaired immune system function, coronary heart disease, and early death ((Medrano et al., 2014; Ornstein & Gaugler, 2012). Need to include the number of individual caring for these patients……demonstrate the scope of the issue.

Problem Statement and Justification of the Study

It is essential to note that the process of care delivery is complicated. The process of disease management, especially in terminal cases, is associated with burnouts and psychological effects for nurses based on the environment of operation for the practitioners while interacting with patients.Citation? Little literature exists regarding the association between the Alzheimer’s disease and possible effects such as devastating hardship, suffering, stress, and financial difficulties for the caregivers of the patients with the disease.How do you know this? The research literature should support this claim. Other notable facts about the disease depict that in 2014 alone, there was over $10 billion in additional health care costs attributed directly to the physical and emotional problems associated with caregiving by the caregivers to those who have Alzheimer’s disease (“2014 Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures”, 2014). [RB1] Furthermore, Alzheimer’s disease has been identified as one of the top six leading cause of death across all ages in the United States of America. It is astonishing to realize that personal care to those with Alzheimer’s diseases is provided by family members and untrained caregivers, thereby resulting in enormous health and economic burdens and very high stressful lifestyle to those caregivers (Mioshi et al., 2013). [RB2]

Over 60 percent of the caregivers to those who have Alzheimer’s disease believe that the emotional stress of caregiving is very high. Over 40 percent believe that caregiving is responsible for their diagnoses of anxiety disorder, depression, and financial woes; however, a succinct evaluation of such sentiments is not comprehensive (Uren & Graham, 2013). Uren and Graham outlined the existence of high-level stress among the nurses but did not evaluate the implication on the professionalism and competence levels among the said nurses as they execute their duties. Besides, their study did not include the perspective of the victims regarding the quality of care they receive from the nurses (Uren & Graham, 2013). Therefore, this study is focused in filling this literature gap[RB3] .

Purpose of the Study

There is a need for a scientific study that will examine the relationship between the disease and the stress implications witnessed among the caregivers involved in care delivery among the patients suffering from the condition. Working with speculations and perspectives may not reveal the reality surrounding this notion. Therefore, this study seeks to carry out a qualitative and quantitative evaluation to ascertain the relationship between prevalence of high stress among caregivers and the care delivery process for patients with the Alzheimer’s disease. In this study, the objective stressors include physical disabilities of the patient, their problem behaviors, cognitive impairment, and the intensity of care given. In caregivers, the objective stressors result in impaired health behaviors, psychological stress, and excite physiological responses which lead to illness and mortality. It is not clear if you are focused on perceptions of the caregivers regarding the experiences of their patients or if you are focused on the experiences of the caregivers themselves. You need more literature support for your purpose.

Research Questions

Two primary questions will guide the study process. The first question will investigate the existence and nature of the association between the stress levels of the nurses and the manner in which they adhere to professionalism and competence in care delivery process. The second question will evaluate the existence and nature of relationship existing between the high-stress levels among nurses and the quality of care that the Alzheimer’s disease patients receive. Therefore, the following questions will guide the study.

RQ1 – What is the relationship between the prevalence of high-stress levels among nurses providing care to Alzheimer’s disease patients and their competence in care delivery process?

RQ2 – What is the relationship between the prevalence of high-stress levels among nurses providing care to Alzheimer’s disease patients and the quality of care services the patients receive?

[RB4] Significance of the Study

The evaluation of the scenarios existing within the healthcare delivery systems is a complicated process; however, the knowledge emanating from such findings is critical for the decision-making process and transformational changes in the provisions of services. It is essential to note that the adverse consequences of caregiving strain on caregivers [RB5] such as anxiety, isolation, anger, and many other emotional and psychosocial problems that influence negatively on the caregiver’s lifestyle (Roth, Fredman & Haley, 2015). Adverse economic impact (Feinberg, 2011) and the devastating toll of caregiving on the immune system and mortality (Lovell & Wetherell, 2011) have also been associated examined through research and offered practical solutions. These problem areas range from objective data that offer a big picture of personal care and activities of daily living (Lynn & Montgomery, 2015) to more standardized activities that prescribe caregiving for those who are afflicted with various diseases (Rokach et al., 2014). The understanding of the existing association between the stress levels of the nurses and the manner in which they adhere to professionalism and competence in care delivery process will help in creating intervention measures that will assist in generating corrective measures. The analysis of the quality of care that the Alzheimer’s disease patients receive will assist in creating new approaches that will enhance their experiences while receiving care.

Theoretical Framework

The theoretical framework for this study will be the Social Exchange theory. According to Mitchell, Cropanzano & Quisenberry (2012), Social Exchange theory is a psychological theory, which states that as human beings, we make all life social decisions depending on what we perceive to be the costs and benefits of the decisions to us. Regarding social relationships, this theory points out those individuals carefully consider all potential social interactions with respect to what they can get or lose by getting into them. Social exchange theory ascertains that the benefits and dividends associated with human relationships are anything positive that helps to elevate our ego or value such as gaining access to power, money, status, gratification, pleasure, and sex. Social Exchange theorists argue that equitable exchange minimizes informal caregiver stress and burden. It is their opinion that when care recipients return kindness or gratitude for the aid they are receiving, balance is created and caregivers will experience more satisfaction and less caregiver stress (Savage & Bergstrand, 2013). Hill’s theory has some relevance and applies to individual’s current situation, and circumstances (Peterson & Steinmetz, 2014). Nevertheless, the association with the social environment may also alter perceptions, the level of competence, and emotional stability based on the individual’s understanding and experience. The theory has been selected for this study since the research process seeks to investigate the implication of the interaction between nurses and patients with the Alzheimer’s disease while delivering their mandates based on the stress factor.

Methodology of the Study

The research will involve a mixed study approach. A quantitative design will incorporate research that will be based on providing answers to narrow questions objectively to arrive at a suitable conclusion. The method will mainly involve the collection of raw data through questionnaires and observation among other techniques. The quantitative part of this study will assist in getting the field information regarding the subject of the study, which will be expressed in the form of numerical representations. The study requires a higher level of validity and reliability since it involves a subject of global interest. Therefore, the approach will mainly depend on the application of statistical techniques to add value to numerical data existing in within the scope of the study. On the other hand, the qualitative method will be essential in getting the perceptions of stakeholders such as the nurses, the patients, and facility managers involved in the study where necessary based on their personal experiences. The mixed approach is essential in social research whenever the study seeks to present a wider perspective on the problem in question.[RB6]

Sources of Data

The study will involve a variety of techniques that will be used to gather data from the identified stakeholders. The use of interviews will be essential in collecting firsthand information such as the number and appraisal performance of nurses working with the Alzheimer’s disease patients. The interviews with the nurses will gather their views and perceptions regarding their working environment. The representative of the Alzheimer’s disease victims [RB7] will also be interviewed to reveal their opinion relating to the quality of care services their patients receive from the practitioners. The use of questionnaires will be substantial when gathering information from a larger sample. The surveys, which will incorporate the site seeing of the areas selected for the study, will be used to collect the information that the researcher will observe across the scope related to the study. Furthermore, this research will examine the available secondary sources to evaluate the correspondence of the study with previously discussed concepts related to practitioners’ competence and care delivery.[RB8]

References

2014 Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures. (2014). Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 10(2), e47-e92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2014.02.001

Cuellar-Flores, I., Sanchez-Lopez, M., Liminana-Gras, R., & Colodro-Conde, L. (2014). The GHQ-12 for the Assessment of Psychological Distress of Family Caregivers. Behavioral Medicine, 40(2), 65-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08964289.2013.847815

Feinberg, L. (2011). Valuing the Invaluable. Washington, D.C.: AARP Public Policy Institute.

Hebert, L., Weuve, J., Scherr, P., & Evans, D. (2013). Alzheimer disease in the United States (2010-2050) estimated using the 2010 census. Neurology, 80(19), 1778-1783. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0b013e31828726f5

Kemp, C. (2015). Caregiving as a Public Health Issue: Framing Policy Discussions. Healthcarepapers, 15(1), 28-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12927/hcpap.2015.24399

Lovell, B., & Wetherell, M. (2011). The cost of caregiving: Endocrine and immune implications in elderly and non elderly caregivers. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 35(6), 1342-1352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.02.007

Lynn, J., & Montgomery, A. (2015). Creating a Comprehensive Care System for Frail Elders in “Age Boom” America. The Gerontologist, 55(2), 278-285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnu175

Medrano, M., Rosario, R., Payano, A., & Capellan, N. (2014). Burden, anxiety and depression in caregivers of Alzheimer patients in the Dominican Republic. Dementia & Neuropsychologia, 8(4), 384-388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-57642014dn84000013

Mioshi, E., Foxe, D., Leslie, F., Savage, S., Hsieh, S., & Miller, L. et al. (2013). The Impact of Dementia Severity on Caregiver Burden in Frontotemporal Dementia and Alzheimer Disease. Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders, 27(1), 68-73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wad.0b013e318247a0bc

Mitchell, M. S., Cropanzano, R. S., & Quisenberry, D. M. (2012). Social Exchange Theory, Exchange Resources, and Interpersonal Relationships: A Modest Resolution of Theoretical Difficulties. Handbook of Social Resource Theory Critical Issues in Social Justice, 99-118. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-4175-5_6

Ornstein, K., & Gaugler, J. (2012). The problem with “problem behaviors”: a systematic review of the association between individual patient behavioral and psychological symptoms and caregiver depression and burden within the dementia patient–caregiver dyad. Int. Psychogeriatr., 24(10), 1536-1552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610212000737

Peterson, G., & Steinmetz, S. (2014). Pioneering Paths in the Study of Families. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis.

Rokach, A., Miller, Y., Shick, S., Abu, R., & Matot, I. (2014). Surgery and Caregiving: Loneliness of the Patients and Those Who Care for Them. OJMP, 03(03), 222-234. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojmp.2014.33024

Roth, D., Fredman, L., & Haley, W. (2015). Informal Caregiving and Its Impact on Health: A Reappraisal From Population-Based Studies. The Gerontologist, 55(2), 309-319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnu177

Savage, S., & Bergstrand, K. (2013). Negotiating the Unknown: The Role of Uncertainty in Social Exchange. Sociology Compass, 7(4), 315-327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12029

Uren, S., & Graham, T. (2013). Subjective Experiences of Coping among Caregivers in Palliative Care. OJIN: The Online Journal Of Issues In Nursing, 18(2).

Zehner Ourada, V., & Walker, A. (2014). A Comparison of Physical Health Outcomes for Caregiving Parents and Caregiving Adult Children. Family Relations, 63(1), 163-177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fare.12046

Linus:

Thank you for submitting your revised prospectus. Please refer to the prospectus template and make sure you are in complete alignment with how the prospectus should be formatted and with what sections.

Regarding the research itself, we really need to talk. I’m not sure what you are really doing based on the prospectus. Each section needs to be in alignment. I’m not finding the real gap in the research literature that you are addressing and the methods section is way too vague.

I want to have a phone call with you ASAP to get you back on track. We need to get your prospectus out for official review this quarter to keep you on track.

Rhonda

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[RB1]This is not in APA format

[RB2]This paragraph seems mostly redundant with what you have already stated above.

[RB3]Now I am confused…..are you researching the family non-professional caregivers or nurses?

[RB4]These questions will need to be revised. They are too vague and each question contains multiple parts.

[RB5]The term caregivers usually refers to family/friends who are caring for a patient. Use the word nurses if that is what you are studying.

[RB6]The methodology is entirely too vague. It must be complete. What exactly are you going to do, to whom, using what specific data collection instruments.

[RB7]Really bad word to use……use patients……why are you using a representative…..what about using the patients themselves?

[RB8]I don’t know what this means. Too vague and non descript.

I also added(uoload) my literature review because you will need to summarize it for this paper

Methodology

Drawing upon your puzzle, devise a strategy for collecting data as defined by your operationalized variables. In doing so you will need to demonstrate why your chosen methodology is best suited to testing your hypothesis. This will entail a discussion of your Literature Review and its implications for your research project, the identification of specific research questions, specifying the type of research you are conducting, and in the end, justifying the appropriateness of your methodology on both theoretical and practical terms. The following is presented as a guide to help you through this process.

Discussion of the Literature Review and the Formation of Research Questions

Summarizing your Literature Review develop the argument that a significant and important hole exists in our understanding of the “state of the field” and it is your intention to fill this void by proffering an answer to the resulting research question(s).

Example:As illustrated in the preceding review of the literature concerning (subject X), some believe that Democratic Peace Theory is _____, while other’s claim it is ______. Despite these various explanations, we are still left with the question(s) =Research Questions. In the pages that follow the hypothesis that (restate your hypothesis) will be tested by/with an eye towards answering these questions.

(Research questions are stated in a manner in which you intend to test the hypothesis: i.e. as testable questions)

Development of a Theoretical Framework

A theoretical framework is a collection of interrelated concepts. It is like a theory but not necessarily as well worked-out. This framework guides your research, determines what things you will measure, and what statistical and/or qualitative relationships you will look for. Hence the task is for you to reflect upon your hypothesis and the research question(s) derived above and to ask yourself what is the best explanation for the expected or observed behavior. Is it because people always act in their best interest? Because all people have a desire to help others? Because the specific people involved are responding to particular pressures? The formation of a good theoretical framework requires you to rely on your intellect as well as your gut instincts.

Once you have established a theoretical explanation for the observed (or hypothesized) behavior, develop your framework by drawing upon others who have used such an explanation and relate such explanations directly to your own project. This section should not only justify why the chosen theoretical framework is relevant to answering the research question(s), but also how it will be implemented (i.e. how it will guide the research and measurement of variables).

Example: In order to understand why people do X it is prudent to view man as an economic animal…an instrumentally rational being pursuing self interest. Rational Choice Theory clearly illustrates this behavior by demonstrating that —-. For example in Title of the Study Smith shows that ____. In much the same way it is herein hypothesized that ____ and therefore, as this study will reveal ____. [ßTheoretical Assumption]

Demonstrating this hypothesized relationship the independent variable (choice) will be held constant by making the assumption that all choices are guided by rationality. This is justified on the basis of _____ and in turn this dictates that the relationship between the IV and DV must be measured on the basis of ____ while always making sure to _____. [ß Methodological Guidance]

Methodology

Taking into account the posture laid out in your Theoretical Framework, the specific data points you are seeking to measure (as identified by the operationalization of your established variables with reference to the derived research question[s]), as well as the particular type of research you are conducting (see below); identify a specific research method that is most suitable to your study and explain why this is so. To do this your Methodology section should include a discussion of the specific method to be employed and how it conveys the relationship between your theoretical framework and hypothesis. It should also include a discussion of how this method has been used in the past—demonstrating similarities to your own study in order to justify its use—and why it is appropriate for collecting and analyzing the data points your are seeking. Moreover, your Methodology section should include a discussion of why and how the chosen methodology will guard against reliability and validity problems—or should such issues still exist, how such problems will be controlled for. Finally, you should include a discussion of the pragmatic reasons for choosing the specific methodology: such as cost considerations, convenience, or particular problems related to your hypothesis and the availability of data.

Types of Research

Quantitative vs. Qualitative

Quantitative studies measure variables with some precision using numeric scales. For example, you might measure a person’s height and weight. Or you might construct a survey in which you measure how much respondents like President Clinton, using a 1 to 10 scale.

Qualitative studies are based on direct observation of behavior or on transcripts of unstructured interviews with informants. For example, you might talk to ten female executives about the decision-making process behind their choice to have children or not, and if so, when. You might interview them for several hours, tape-recording the whole thing, and then transcribe the recordings to written text, and then analyze the text.

Applied vs. Basic research

Applied research is research designed to solve a particular problem in a particular circumstance, such as determining the cause of low morale in a given department of an organization.

Basic research is designed to understand the underlying principles behind human behavior. For example, you might try to understand what motivates people to work hard at their jobs.

Exploratory vs. Confirmatory

Exploratory research is research into the unknown. It is used when you are investigating something but really don’t understand it all, or are not completely sure what you are looking for. It’s sort of like a journalist whose curiosity is peaked by something and just starts looking into it without really knowing what they’re looking for.

Confirmatory research is where you have a pretty good idea what’s going on. That is, you have a theory (or several theories), and the objective of the research is to find out if the theory is supported by the facts

*As a general rule (but there are many exceptions), confirmatory studies tend to be quantitative, while exploratory studies tend to be qualitative.

Types of Methods

(This is a Very, Very Abbreviated List)

Case Study Comparative Cross-Sectional Descriptive Document/Archival Analysis

Field Experiment Inductive (theory development) Interviews Longitudinal Observation

Participant Observation Polling Questionnaires/Surveys Statistical Time allocation

Steps to an interview

• Contact the business to make an appointment to meet with the owner or to talk with them by phone if in person is not possible. In person is best if this can be arranged.
• Prepare in advance a list of questions- be mindful of their time as they are busy. Example- it is not a good idea to try to interview a restaurant manager at lunch. Suggest a time when they are not as busy.
• If interviewing in person; please dress appropriately
• Always thank them for taking the time to speak with you, even if you interview a family member.

Suggested Questions

1. How did you decide on what business you wanted to start?
2. How did you decide on a location for your business?
3. How did you finance the start up of your business?
4. If you are comfortable sharing, how much initial investment did you have in your business?
5. What obstacles or problems did you encounter when you started your business?
6. How did you decide on how many people to hire for your initial start-up?
7. What challenges have you faced with your employees?
8. What advice would you give others that might be interested in starting a business?