Email to the leader Business Finance Assignment Help

Your task is to choose ONE citation from each section and to write a critical commentary/analysis. You should consider the context of the citation, who is speaking, and why they say what they do. Feel free to draw on your knowledge of Kant, Malthus, and Weber when writing your commentary.

Please do not write a summary of the book or the life of the theorist. An analysis is a focused piece of writing.

I recommend that you make a plan or outline of your intended analysis before you start writing. This will help you gather your thoughts and place them in some kind of logical order. Ultimately, with any piece of writing, you are telling a story. Your analysis should be convincing, should illustrate your knowledge, and it should be interesting for someone to read.

Be sure to write precise, clear sentences. Analyses are normally one page in length, double-spaced, and written in Times New Roman 12 point font.

Remember to:

• Include a cover page with your name, the professor’s name, the class, date, etc.
• Start a new page for each answer.
• Number your answers clearly.
• Check spelling and grammar.

Section 1 – Immanuel Kant

1. From What is Enlightenment?

‘The citizen cannot refuse to pay the taxes imposed upon him; presumptuous criticisms of such taxes, where someone is called upon to pay them, may be punished as an outrage which could lead to general insubordination. Nonetheless, the same citizen does not contravene his civil obligations if, as a learned individual, he publicly voices his thought on the impropriety or even injustice of such fiscal measures.’(56)

2. From The Metaphysics of Morals.

‘The oceans may appear to cut nations off from the community of their fellows. But with the art of navigation, they constitute the greatest natural incentive to international commerce, and the greater the number of neighboring coastlines there are (as in the Mediterranean), the livelier this commerce will be. Yet these visits to foreign shores, and even more so, attempts to settle on them with a view to linking them with the motherland, can also occasion evil and violence in one part of the globe with ensuing repercussions which are felt everywhere else. But although such abuses are possible, they do not deprive the world’s citizens of the right to attempt to enter into a community with everyone else and to visit all regions of the earth with this intention.’(172)

Section 2 – Thomas Malthus

3. ‘The love of independence is a sentiment that surely none would wish to be erased from the breast of man; though the Parish Law of England, it must be confessed, is a system of all others the most calculated gradually to weaken this sentiment, and in the end may eradicate it completely.’(Chapter 4)

4. ‘The lower classes of people in Europe may, at some future period, be much better instructed than they are at present; they may be taught to employ the little spare time they have in many better ways than at the alehouse; they may live under better and more equal laws than they have ever hitherto done, perhaps, in any country; and I even conceive it possible, though not probable, that they may have more leisure; but it is not in the nature of things that they can be awarded such a quantity of money or subsistence as will allow them all to marry early, in the full confidence that they shall be able to provide with ease for a numerous family.’ (Chapter 14)

Section 3 – Max Weber

5. ‘The decisive fact is that this whole human apparatus – the ‘machine’, as it is revealingly called in English-speaking countries – or rather the people who control it are able to keep the members of parliament in check, and can even impose their will on them to a considerable extent…In other words, the creation of such machines means the advent of plebiscitarian democracy.’

6. ‘This takes us into the area of ethical questions, for to ask what kind of human being one must be in order to have the right to seize the spokes of the wheel of history is to pose an ethical question.
One can say that three qualities are pre-eminently desirable for a politician: passion, a sense of responsibility, judgement.’

REQUIRED

TEXTS

Kant, Political Writings (‘What is Enlightenment?’ ‘The Metaphysics of Morals.’ ‘Perpetual

Peace.’)

http://www.bard.edu/library/arendt/pdfs/Kant-Polit…

Malthus, An Essay on Population

http://www.esp.org/books/malthus/population/malthu…

Weber, Politics as a Vocation (PDF)

http://fs2.american.edu/dfagel/www/classreading…

Click on the link below to read about the Sanchez Family. read about all the family members before attempting to write the paper. This paper is required to be written in APA format. 3-4 page paper

http://routledgesw.com/sanchez/engage/caseFiles

1. Identify and discuss TWO social work standards (from the NASW Code of Ethics) that are relevant to your understanding of providing social work services to this family. And please explain why you believe the two standards you have chosen … benefit your work with the family and/or benefit the client/family in their fit with their environ

1. Select a problem area from the case study in reaction paper #1. Visit a website related to your selected problem area (listed below). Discuss what you learned (at least 2-3 pieces of information) from the website. How is this information helpful/not helpful to you as a social worker in assisting this family? How does this information influence your perspective? What have you learned since writing the first paper that has influenced your thinking?

Children and families

http://www.myflfamilies.com/service-programs/access-florida-food-medical-assistance- (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. cash (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

Housing assistance programs

http://www.hud.gov/local/index.cfm?state=fl&topic=renting (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

Domestic violence

http://www.advocateprogram.com/domesticviolenceshelter.htm (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

Older adults

http://www.www.medicare.gov (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.http://www.eldercare.gov (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

Veteran’s services – facility locator

http://www2.va.gov/directory/guide/state.asp?State=FL (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

Medical – low income (Medicaid)

http://www.fdhc.state.fl.us/medicaid/ (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

Substance abuse and mental health

http://www.dcf.state.fl.us/samh/ (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

The first part of the lab we will write methods to do the following tasks:

1. Read in a graph
   • Your program should read in a text file that has a adjacency matrix. Some algorithms will expect a weighted graph, but one will expect a directional graph(1s and 0s). You can assume the matrix will always be symmetrical, the rows and columns represent the nodes so it has to be symmectrical. You will need to read in a weighted graph for some of the weighted graph algorithms in the outlab, and a (directional) boolean graph for reachability algorithms. Example:

      01101
      10011
      10001
      01000
      11100
      

     That is directional, here is weighted…….

      0 9 3 0 6
      9 0 0 4 5
      3 0 0 0 8
      0 4 0 0 0
      6 5 8 0 0
      

     Weighted graphs are always mirror images because to get from first node to second node it is always 9 no matter which way you travel.

2. Write a method that does breadth-first search (Queue).
3. Write a method that does depth-first search (recursion ….I said stack in class, and that’s all recursion really is, but it’s easier than implementing a stack).

Continue with your program from above and add the following:

1. Dijkstra’s Algorithm
2. Prim’s Algorithm
3. Floyd’s (find all reachable paths with a directed graph start with adjacency matrix)
4. Floyd and Warsall’s (Find shortest path).

In this assignment, you must work with STATA to analyze the data from an experiment carried
out in Tanzania in 2011 to test the effect of family obligations on the ability to save.

The experiment worked as follows. Researchers randomly selected approximately 40 individuals
in 4 rural villages to answer a questionnaire; respondents were either men or women, living in
a household with a spouse. At the end of the interview, the respondent was given an envelope
with 10,000 shillings ($7). The respondent was told that the research team was to return in
three weeks for a follow-up visit. The researchers were going to verify how much was kept in
the envelope, and provide the respondent with an additional 20% on whatever was left inside it
(up to a maximum of 2,000 shillings). Respondents were allowed to keep all the money given to
them.

The experiment had two relevant features.

• Before giving the envelope, researchers wrote down the individual bill code number. During
  the follow-up verification visit, they verified whether the bills in the envelope were put there
  by the researchers or placed there by the respondents. By checking code numbers, they
  could check whether the respondent (or someone in the family) took money out of the
  envelope.
• Respondents were randomly assigned to two treatments.
  

  1. (a) The first treatment, which I call P RIV AT E, corresponds to the case where the recipi-
     ent was privately given the envelope, without the knowledge of relatives or family. The
     envelope was nondescript and had no clear markings.
  2. (b) The second treatment, PUBLIC involved handing over the envelope to the recipient in
     front of at least some members of the family. The envelope had a transparent window,
     through which one could see that there was money.

The objective of the exercise is to determine whether savings behavior is affected by other
people’s knowledge of their savings. The hypothesis is that it’s hard to hold on to savings if
people know you have money.

The data is contained in the tex file moneyexperiment.dta. The treatment is written in the
dummy public. Use Stata for the analysis.

(a) The first task is to verify randomization, by showing whether E(XPu) = E(XPr).

1

Variable Public Private Difference

gender 0.519 (0.098) wealth index 0.407 (0.096) etc. 0.473 (0.118) 0.368 (0.114) 0.045 (0.153) 0.039 (0.149)

Figure 1: Example of a summary table/balance of treatment arms

• Create a summary table with summary statistics for the following baseline characteris-
  tics of respondents: sex (dummy is 1 for female), wealth index, schooling, rosca partic-
  ipation, pnil, hyperbolic by treatment group. Group your summary statistics by public
  and private. You can use the Stata command ttest. You can find the description of the
  command in the menu help/Stata Command… and then typing ttest in the command
  box. You can also see a video of ttest here:
• Make sure to include the average and standard deviation for each variable and each
  treatment group.
• Show standard errors of the difference in means between the public and private treat-
  ment groups. See example above.
• To date, Stata does not have a good command to create summary statistics table. One
  way to do this, cut and paste the relevant statistics from ttest. Another way is to use
  the command summarize … if public == 0 and summarize … if public ==
  1.
• Write a short paragraph explaining whether the table indicates that the treatment
  groups are balanced.
  (b) Now let’s see what the distribution of one of the main outcome variables of interest. Create
  a histogram graph of this outcome variable. To start, use the drop-down menu Graphics,
  then Distributional graphs, then choose Histogram. This will lead to a window.
  

  • Under “Main” tab, choose amtleft in the variable
  • Choose the button “data are continuous”.
  • under Y-axis, choose “Fraction”.
  • Then look around the other tabs. You should put a title, and label the X axis and
    Y axis as you think it’s appropriate (your call!). Feel free to change the “feel” of the
    graph until you are satisfied. Feel free to experiment!
  • If you want to see how the graph looks, click on “Submit”. A graph will appear. You
    can continue to modify the settings until you are satisfied. If you press “OK”, then
    the window will disappear and if you want to make more changes you’ll have to start
    again.

2

• Once you have the graph that you want, you should go into the “Results” window of
  Stata (the window where you see all the results of your activities). You will see the
  command that generated your graph. The command will start with histogram… Copy
  the command and paste it in your do file.
• Write a short paragraph describing the distribution of this variable.

(c) Now we introduce the first stage of the game. The intervention is supposed to change the

amount of information available to the household. Thus,

1. Regress the dummy variables others knew about the envelope, others knew about the
   money in the envelope, whether the respondent hided the envelope, and whether the
   respondent kept money in the envelope on whether they received the public treatment
   (4 regressions).
2. Regress the above on public and whether the respondent was a woman. (4 more
   regressions).
3. Regress the above on public, whether the respondent was a woman, and the interaction
   between the two. (4 regressions). Use the following command:

   xi: reg Y i.female*i.public

   The xi command allows you to interact the dummy variables.

4. Put all regressions in three separate tables using outreg2 or estout. See at the end
   of this document for some useful command. Upload the tables.
5. Write a short paragraph to comment on the results. Explain the rationale for looking
   at these outcome variables. Explain also why we looked at women separately from
   men. Then, discuss the magnitudes of the coefficients (including the constant term).
   Be especially careful in explaining the meaning of the regressions with the two dummies
   interacted. Finally, explain whether the coefficients are significant, and whether they
   are large.

(d) Now consider the second stage. First, look at the dependent variable amtleft. This indi-
cates how much money (up to 10,000 shillings) was left in the envelope (where it could earn
20% return).

1. Regress amtleft on public and whether the respondent was a woman.
2. Regress amtleft on public interacted with woman.
3. Do the same 2 regressions using origleft as outcome variable, the amour of original
   bills (from the initial pot) left.
4. Again, comment on the results, being as careful as you have been in part iv in (b).
5. Write one sentence on what you have learned from these results (if they indeed were
   to hold up–the sample size is small!).
6. Put the four regressions in a table.

3

Some useful stata commands for making tables

You can easily export the tables using the command est store and outreg2. outreg2 is not a
standard Stata command, so you’ll need to download it. To do so, in the command line type the
following:

 findit outreg2
 

A help window will open. Find the command outreg2 in the list under the heading ”packages
found. Click on the blue link. A new window will open. Scroll to the bottom. There’ll be a link called
“Click here to install”. Click there to install.

With either estout or outreg2, your do file should look like this:

• regress y1 Treatment

• est store something1

• regress y1 Treatment sex

• est store something2

• xi: regress y1 i.Treatment*i.sex

• est store something3

• outreg2 [something1 something2 something3] using table1.xls

The command est store creates a temporary variable with name something1 etc. which includes
all the estimates that were generated in the regression. The command outreg2 takes the estimates
included in something1, something2 and something3 and exports them in an excel table, nicely for-
matted. Outreg2 is what most people use to generate regression tables.

If you go to the help menu and search for command outreg2 you will see that there are many
many ways to personalize the format of these regression tables.

Once you have your table in excel, make it nice: add an informative title, make sure the column
titles are clear, make sure that the explanatory variables are also clear.

What you will submit

You will submit the following items, all in one document.
• A complete do file

• A balanced treatment arms table, with comments.
• a histogram graph, with comments.

• three first stage tables, with comments.

4

• one second stage table, with comments.