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The cells that make up multicellular organisms send, receive, and respond to a variety of signals. Synaptic signaling is a form of cell-to-cell communication in which…

1. a cell produces a signal released into the bloodstream to be carried to specific distant organ.

2. adjacent cells pass molecules from one cell’s cytoplasm to another through cell junctions.

3. the same cell that produces a signal also responds to the signal.

4. a neuron produces a chemical that induces changes in local, nearby, neurons.

Which of the following is an example of direct signaling?

1. During wound healing, platelet cells produce a growth factor that induces nearby cells to divide.

2. Junctions between adjacent plant cells connect their cytoplasms and allow them to share molecules.

3. Mutated cancer cells produce as well as respond to growth signals, resulting in tumor growth.

4. Pancreas cells produce and release insulin into the bloodstream to induce liver cells to uptake and use glucose.

Select the descriptions that apply to the sodium-potassium pump. More than one answer

1. Sodium ions and potassium ions move into and out of the plasma membrane by osmosis.

2. The pump helps to maintain the concentration of sodium and potassium ions in living cells.

3. The pump is an active mechanism for transporting ions through the plasma membrane.

4. The concentration gradient of the ions determines the direction of movement through the pump.

After an mRNA strand has been transcribed from DNA, it must be processed before translation can take place. Which of the following statements are true about the RNA editing process?   More than one answer

1. Additional amino acids are added before translation occurs.

2. A cap is added to one end of the mRNA molecule.

3. Editing occurs in the cytosol as the new mRNA strand leaves the nucleus.

4. Noncoding segments are removed and exons are joined together.