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TWO ITEMS SELECTED–select one on a) Leonardo’s Last Supper, or b) one on Leonardo’s proposed inventions, or c) one about the two statues of David.

Select two of these three:

a)Identify the moment captured in Leonardo’s Last Supper painting, and discuss the reasons why disciples are shown on the same side of the table. Describe any one of well-known techniques that Leonardo used to give more realism to the painting.

b)Using the links under EXPLORE only, select one of Leonardo’s proposed inventions (try to pick something a classmate has not yet discussed) that especially fascinates you.Explain why you selected this.Compare Leonardo to some modern figure of the 20th or 21st centuries.

c)Compare and contrast the statue of David by Donatello with the statue of David by Michelangelo. (Both are in chap. 14).Consider more than one of several possible factors–setting, subject, moment, material, style, size, time period made, etc.

ONE ISSUE DISCUSSED:Choose one of the two following topics and discuss it in a just a few sentences.The Renaissance was, first and foremost, a rebirth of the ancient classical tradition of Greece and Rome, and blending that with the existing Judaeo-Christian heritage that had developed over the centuries. This “blending is the core of what we often call the ‘western heritage” or “western civilization”. 1)After reviewing the EXPLORE websites and pages, find two art works–one by Michelangelo and one by Raphael.Identify a classical Greek and/or Roman figures or quality in both.Discuss the primary reasons why popes and other patrons might allow such trappings of ancient pagan culture within a Christian society, even in sacred contexts.identify any specific modern structure or sculpture or work of art where you can identify either ancient pagan images or features, or a mix of elements from different cultures and periods.OR2) After reviewing the EXPLORE websites and pages, describe the concept of “patronage” during the Renaissance, and why it was important.You might consider how patronage promoted the arts, but explain what it means about artistic freedom.Identify the modern “equivalents” of this patronage, and suggest how the arts work in our own day.

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Explore

Leonardo da Vinci

• Chapter 14: (pp. 471-5), Donatello & other new artists (pp. 481-486); art of da Vinci; Week 7 INSTRUCTOR INSIGHTS
• Patronage:throughout chap. 14.See pp. 462-3, 472-6, etc.
• Partial restoration of the Last Supper at http://www.philvaz.com/apologetics/LeonardoLastSupper.htm
• Images, article, and 16th century copy of the Last Supper at http://www.abcgallery.com/L/leonardo/leonardo4.html
• Leonardo’s work in science and invention at http://www.museoscienza.org/english/leonardo/models-exhibited (scroll down to thumbnail photos; click to enlarge and read more information); you may also usehttp://www.msichicago.org/scrapbook/scrapbook_exhibits/leonardo/models/index.html (click on the thumbnail images to enlarge)

Michelangelo and Raphael

• Chapter 15 (pp. 488-9, 504-5), Stylistic features and imagery from ancient classical art and myth
• Patronage:throughout chap. 15.See pp. 495-503, 507-8, 515-519, etc.
• Sistine Chapel tour at http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/sistine-chapel-ceiling.html
• Sistine Chapel information at http://www.wga.hu/frames-e.html?/html/m/michelan/3sistina/index.html ; also seehttp://www.moodbook.com/history/renaissance/sistine-chapel-ignudi.htmlandhttp://www.moodbook.com/history/renaissance/sistine-chapel-five-sibyls.html
• Sistine Chapel theory at http://karlzipser.com/michelangelo.html

462-463 Humanities.pdf 472-476 Humanities.pdf 495-505 Humanities.pdf 507 – 508 Humanities.pdf 471-475 Humanities.pdf 481-486 Humanities.pdf 504-505 Humanities.pdf 515-519 – Humanities.pdf 

QUESTION 1: What is a “credential society?” Is there too much of an emphasis on credentials in the United States? If so, how might this be harmful? To whom? Discuss education in the U.S. from the point of view of a functionalist or conflict theorist. Also use examples from the text in your answer.

STUDENT #1 (Janze):

A credential society is one in which higher learning from academic institutions has become the norm and almost the backbone of most democratic societies. I believe Chambliss sums it up perfectly when he states, “It came to be seen as the birthright of all society members.” (Chambliss & Eglittis, 297) I do believe that there is too much of an emphasis on credentials in the United States due to several reasons. Firstly, when looking at the on the job training that one gets from a company when they first start, there are only a few jobs that require you to heavily rely on what you learned in school, as opposed to what you will be taught in your job orientation. I’m sure if we were to look at a job such as business consulting, yes it would be somewhat helpful to have a background in basic economics, which is taught at the high school level, but it is required of you to have a Bachelor’s Degree to even apply. A majority of consulting is learning what your firm does and what it can do for its clients. With this being said, you are never asked to “refer back to your junior year in college finance course” to try and solve a problem, you instead go off of what you were taught in orientation and through life experience, and try to solve the problem that way. I believe that this is the big flaw in higher education. Although I agree that higher education can always considered a good thing, at the end of the day, it is the on-the-job training that an employee receives in most cases that allows them to be successful in the work place. This is why it can be aggravating for college students at Universities that are “paying an average of $37,172 in student loan debt after graduation” (U.S. Student Loan Debt Statistics), for a job that only wanted to see a degree because “college degrees show dedication to work.”

Looking at education from the point of view of a functionalist theorist would be a little different. From a functionalist’s perspective we would look at higher learning requirements as a good thing. Those who were unable to attend, or failed to do so would be considered a deviancy and thus an outcast of the “functionalistic cog” so to speak. This in turn would help shape future generations by only allowing those who received higher learning to continue to succeed. From a conflict theorist’s point of view, education in the U.S. is very similar but different than a functionalist theorist’s perspective. Although they would agree that those in society that were unable to attend higher learning or did not want to would be considered a deviancy from the norm, a conflict theorist would also argue that it is because of those that are currently in power that this is the case. Those in power are the ones who decide who can and cannot attend higher learning, whether it be by making tests a certain way, or by manipulating requirements for admissions, it is decided by those in power.

Eglitis, Daina & Chambliss, W. J. (2n.d.). Discover Sociology 2E Custom Interactive E-Book Edition, 2nd Edition. Los Angeles: SAGE.

U.S. Student Loan Debt Statistics for 2017. (n.d.). Retrieved January 10, 2017, from https://studentloanhero.com/student-loan-debt-stat…

QUESTION 2 (for student 2&3): Since the 1970s, the traditional family has been changing as we have experienced steady trends with growing numbers of divorces and more children born out of wedlock. Should the legal system make it more difficult for married couples to obtain a divorce, and harder for people to cohabit outside of marriage, especially when children are involved? What can the United States government do to strengthen families and marriages in American society? How can the people change the culture to strengthen families and marriages? Refer to examples from the text to support your answer. Now, critique your answer from the point of view of a functionalist or a conflict theorist.

STUDENT #2 (lester):

Over the past few decades the traditional family has changed in many ways, so much so that traditional families are rare to find today. In the early years of the United States it was very uncommon for a couple to divorce and today it seems half the people I know are divorced or have been divorced before. I do believe that most people use divorced as an easy way out. I myself have been divorced and in going through the process I had to give a cause as to why I wanted a divorce. In my case I filed for divorce due to physical and emotional abuse. However I do know that some couples file for divorce on the grounds of irreconcilable differences. When it comes to divorce I believe that the cause should be considered more in terms of granting the divorce or not. If someone were in my situation the by all means the divorce should be granted however if they are divorcing for something like irreconcilable differences they should be mandated to see a marriage counselor for a period of time before the divorce is granted. As far as cohabitation outside of marriage when children are involved would depend on the situation. If the couple cohabitating are the biological mother and biological father then I see no problem with it. However if the children do not biological belong to one of the adults cohabitating then I believe this should not be allowed simply because to me it is not fair to the children if the relationship does not work out. I do not think there is anything the government can do to strengthen families and marriages in American society. The people in our culture can strengthen families and marriages by giving their children a good example of family life and marriage to form their own families and marriage on. I absolutely know that I based my marriage and raising my children on my parents and how they raised me. Critiquing from the conflict theorist point of view is that in a marriage or family there is going to be conflict over money, the household, and children. When pertaining to conflicts in marriage and family it is a power struggle between husband and wife over which way to go about a problem. Before men had more control over decisions to solve problems and in todays’ society it is an equal split between husband and wife.

Chambliss, W. J., & Eglitis, D. S. (2016). Discover Sociology (2nd ed.).

STUDENT #3 (leane):

In todays society it is so different then it was back in the 1970’s we have children with parents whom aren’t married, we have single parents, we have married couples, we have couples, we have married people with kids, and single people. Having a kid with someone doesn’t guarantee your married to this person in this age, or will stay married. Considering marriage is binding two people in a contract stating that they love each other till death do them apart. People seem to think, yes that is what needs to happen. Sometimes there are certain circumstances on why people get divorces. (Financial Stress, Cheating, Domestic Violence, Falling out of Love, No Respect, and Trust, Lack of Communication, Incompatibility, Addiction, and ETC.) This is a hard one for me because me, and my husband were talking separating this past month due to some circumstances. I find that many people can put in their input like society, marriage counselors, friends, family, and etc. That doesn’t matter it is ultimately your decision at the end of the day. I think people need to open their eyes a realize sometimes things happen, you can either stand by the person who is going through divorce there are going to be tons of emotions so many I went through this past month I remember just sitting there holding my son rocking back and forth thinking of what people were going to think of me being a single mom at the age of twenty-three, and divorced. Working my butt off, going to school while Jasen is at the sitter most of the day. I was willing to spilt custody with my husband also 50 50. Is this something temporary? Is this the best decision? I just want to say there was so many different emotions, you want to stand by someone, the only joys I had was my son, make sure they are okay. I was defiantly one of the darkest times I have had. I know, it was such a long month. My husband told me he was willing to pot in the effort and I was too. I was happy to think that he took in consideration of what I thought/ said. Marriage takes two people, it takes work, I do have morals, and beliefs just like they did back in the 1970s they worked it out till they couldn’t that is how I am. I do understand, and will stand next to anyone in their decision it is one emotional thing to do. Society, family, friends, the government can’t help with any of this it won’t work. Government making it harder for people to get divorces it just going to make it worse on them and cause people to going down other routes to get out potentially. I think people whom are happy, if they don’t want to stay they shouldn’t be forced to because society says, or believes this. Strengthening families through society won’t work it starts in the home, outside family can potentially help but, society no. I think society has their way of looking at things, but, times have changed. Divorce happens, Kids born with parents unmarried happens, Kids born without both parents happen, Kid having both parents in their lives happen, and things change.

Imagine you are no longer a new teacher, but rather are now mentoring a new teacher. The teacher you are mentoring has come to you asking for advice because a parent of a child who was recently diagnosed with ASD has come to her asking for suggestions on how she can support her child at home. Respond to your peer with support for this parent by including the following tips: What recommendations can be provided to this parent with regards to helping the child academically as well as socially? What resources are available to support this parent? Lastly, how should the classroom teacher support this parent through communication?

Part One:

Briefly describe what ASD is according to IDEA.

As the text states: “Autism became an IDEA disability category with the reauthorization IDEA in 1990. IDEA 2004 defines autism as a developmental disability in which a child has problems communicating, verbally and nonverbally, to a degree that affects academic performance. It states that these communicative and social difficulties usually arise before the age of 3 years, and are often accompanied by repetitive movements or behaviors, resistance to change, and atypical responses to sensory experiences”(Powell & Driver, 2013).

List a few of the difficulties children with ASD might have with communication, social skills, and repetitive or obsessive behaviors.

After viewing the “Autism Awareness Video: Diagnostic Criteria for Autism” and reading the text the following difficulties is what I found for the three areas:

Communication: children with Autism demonstrate a deficient in communication in varies ways. They may not develop verbal languages or may have limited or underdeveloped language, Repeats words or phrases and struggles with understanding directional items or a few.

Social Skills: children with Autism demonstrate deficient in social interaction in many different ways. They may not establish and maintain eye contact with others, may not respond to their names, may not use age appropriate gestures, not respond to other people emotions, and have a lack of make believe play.

Repetitive or obsessive behaviors: Child with Autism is repetitive or stereotype in nature. They may have a very restricted interest such as they may demonstrate repetitive body movements; they may have intensive per-occupation with specific interest such letters and numbers or with parts or objects. They have rigid non-functional routines and may have a temper tantrum when those routines are interrupted.

Lastly, explore several of the academic characteristics that some children with ASD might exhibit.

According to the text, “Some students with ASD perform well in academic subjects, whereas others struggle in school. Typically, students with high-functioning ASD perform better with academic tasks that students with low-functioning ASD, but almost all students with ASD require accommodations or modifications in the classroom” (Powell & Driver, 2013). Common academic characteristics that some children with ASD might exhibit:

Visual Learners: “Many autistic children are visual learners. However, there is a method to this visual learning. Pictures and other visual aids cannot
be shown in rapid succession as it often takes students on the spectrum longer periods to process what they have seen. Instead, make sure to give enough
time for the student to process the image” (Blessing, n.d.).

Modeling: “Students on the autism spectrum are often good imitators if they are given enough time. Model desired behavior and pair students on the spectrum with students who are able to show what is expected consistently” (Blessing, n.d.).

Stay consistent: Consistency is very important because it gives the autistic student a sense of order and a sense of security. Loosen the structure to make the schedule less rigid, and make small adjustments to increase the student’s tolerance for change” (Blessing, n.d.).

Part II Attached (Austism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Table)

References

Blessing, Michelle. (n.d.). Learning Characteristics of Autism. Retrieved from http://autism.lovetoknow.com/Learning_Characteristics_of_Autism

Powell, S. R. & Driver, M. K. (2013). Working with exceptional students: An introduction to special education. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc.

RethinkAutism. (2012, April 4). Autism awareness video: Diagnostic criteria for autism [Video file]. Retrieved from http://ww.yutube.com

/watc?v=3w1c4sF4ZTg

Imagine you are no longer a new teacher, but rather are now mentoring a new teacher. The teacher you are mentoring has come to you asking for advice because a parent of a child who was recently diagnosed with ASD has come to her asking for suggestions on how she can support her child at home. Respond to your peer with support for this parent by including the following tips: What recommendations can be provided to this parent with regards to helping the child academically as well as socially? What resources are available to support this parent? Lastly, how should the classroom teacher support this parent through communication?

According to IDEA Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) means a developmental disability significantly affecting verbal and nonverbal communication and social interaction, generally evident before age three, that adversely affects a child’s education performance (Autism Spectrum Disorders n.d.). ASD is a huge category taking on by IDEA, any help needed with a child education they will help with. Children may experience social problems for example like having problems sharing with others or communication skills may lack with others like the inability to socialize with others. Behavior problems like self-injuries to one self or unusual obsessions and compulsions. We first must keep in mind all children with these disorders experience different academic and behavior skills. Children with ASD characteristics may have problems with communication and reposing correctly so I can encourage acting out an answer or perhaps writing it out. Learn the students and this will come quite easily to me. They also may have a problem with change than I would provide schedules, maybe even picture symbols for them to feel at ease (Autism Spectrum Disorders n.d).

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Table

	Strategies for Students with SLD that will Prove Helpful	Strategies for Students with ID that will Prove Helpful	Strategies for Students with EBD that will Prove Helpful	Individual Strategies for Students with ASD
High Functioning ASD	1. Dramatic play/role play 2. Be consistent 3. Communication	Visual strategies	Tracing of letters and numbers	1. 2. 3.
Severe ASD	Visual strategies	1. social skills 2. tracing of letters and numbers 3. teaching social skills	1.teach organization skills 2. repetition of directions 3. Visual Schedules/pictures symbols of directions	1. 2. 3.

Autism Spectrum Disorders – IDEA Partnership

www.ideapartnership.org/component/content/article.html?id=1493

Powell, S. R. & Driver, M. K. (2013). Working with exceptional students: An introduction to special education. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc.