Lithium Atoms and Alternative Renewable Resources Chemistry Questions Science Assignment Help

Lithium Atoms and Alternative Renewable Resources Chemistry Questions Science Assignment Help. Lithium Atoms and Alternative Renewable Resources Chemistry Questions Science Assignment Help.


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1.

[08.02]

Which of the following best describes the changes involved in a fusion reaction? (1 point)

2.

[08.02]

Which of the following best describes a fission reaction involving lithium? (1 point)

Two lithium atoms form bonds with each other, absorbing a large amount of energy.

The nuclei of lithium atoms join together to form heavier isotopes, and energy is released.

An atom of lithium absorbs electrons, undergoes an increase in energy level, and splits into fragments.

The nucleus of an atom of lithium splits, resulting in smaller fragments and the release of a large amount of energy.

3.

[08.02]

Which of the following best describes a safety precaution needed in nuclear power plants? (1 point)

Scrubbers are built on smokestacks to prevent radioactive atmospheric pollution.

Proper ventilation allows the radioactive by-products of reactions to escape, preventing explosions.

Two separate water chambers are used to prevent radioactivity from reaching the outside environment.

Employees must sign waivers that prevent them from suing the power plants in the case of accidental exposure to radioactivity.

4.

[08.03]

Which of the following natural resources does not contribute to air pollution? (1 point)

coal

natural gas

nuclear power

oil

5.

[08.03]

Which of the following statements about natural resources is correct? (1 point)

Solar power has a low efficiency.

Natural gas contributes to acid rain.

Nuclear power contributes to global warming.

Hydropower produces pollution and harmful chemicals.

6.

[08.03]

Which of the following natural resources is considered renewable? (1 point)

biofuel

natural gas

nuclear power

oil

7.

[08.03]

Heat energy beneath the Earth’s surface heats underground water into
steam to operate steam turbines. This describes which of the following
resources? (1 point)

biofuel

geothermal power

hydropower

nuclear power

8.

[08.04]

Crude oil is created from natural processes occurring continuously.
Why, if crude oil can be made continuously in nature, is it considered a
non-renewable resource? (1 point)

Oil is very expensive.

Use of oil outpaces the natural formation.

Society is attempting to move away from oil use.

The reactants that form oil are quickly running out.

9.

[08.04]

Which of the following is the reason that alternative renewable
resources have not replaced fossil fuels in generating all the
electricity that we use? (1 point)

They have very expensive operating costs.

They produce harmful environmental by-products.

Society is unwilling to use alternative energy sources.

They are not yet able to meet the massive demand for energy.

10.

[08.04]

Which of the following is an example of how technology can help protect the environment? (1 point)

sonar for finding natural gas

high powered ocean-floor drills

compact fluorescent light bulbs

human hair for oil spill clean-up

11.

[08.04]

Since 1915, chemical fertilizer has been mass produced for farming.
Which of the following is the main water pollution problem caused by
chemical fertilizer? (1 point)

increased carbon monoxide

radioactive substances in the water

increased nitrate and phosphate levels

higher levels of bacteria, viruses, and protozoa

12.

[08.04]

Which of the following human environmental accidents has had
devastating effects on groundwater, rivers, oceans, and lakes? (1 point)

harmful pesticides

nuclear accidents

ozone depletion

oil spills

13.

[08.04]

Which of the following is the best explanation as to why a
combination of renewable energy resources will be necessary to replace
fossil fuels? (1 point)

Alternative energy sources have higher than average operating costs.

Electricity generated by alternative fuels has a very low electrical current.

Society is skeptical of some of the alternative energy sources, so a variety is necessary.

One alternative source is unable to meet the demand because of each source’s limitations.

14.

[08.04]

Which of the following most correctly predicts the impact on the
environment if sustainable practices are not followed? (1 point)

The ecosystems of the world will be uniformly damaged, but they will rebound quickly.

Natural resources will be depleted, and the negative impact may be too severe to recover.

The environment will not be adversely affected because the ecosystem of the world is too large.

Rain forests will be depleted, but the oceans will be preserved because of their geographical isolation.

15.

[08.04]

A newly developed technology allows waste to be broken down into
separate elemental forms. The end products are a hydrogen-rich gas and a
solid, with very little greenhouse gases released. What is the best
explanation of why this type of technology has been developed? (1 point)

Scientists and engineers received a grant from the government.

Science is a process, and new technologies are the end products.

New technology will allow humans to continue to create waste at the same rates.

Humans are running out of room in landfills and have limited options for making more.

16.

[08.04]

Oil spills can have a devastating effect on ground water, soil
quality, and marine life. Based on this knowledge, what is the
appropriate action for society to take regarding oil? (1 point)

Because of the demand for oil, nothing should be done.

Oil should be made illegal regardless of the energy demand.

Better regulations and improved shipping should be developed and enforced.

Finding someone to blame quickly helps everyone feel better about the future of oil.

17.

[08.04]

Which of the following is the best explanation why compact
fluorescent bulbs have become increasingly popular over the past five
years? (1 point)

Incandescent bulbs emit an interesting color of light.

Compact fluorescent bulbs are more visually appealing.

Society has become more conscious of energy efficiency.

Compact fluorescent bulbs are much cheaper to produce.

18.

[08.04]

If a scientist discovers a new synthetic chemical that appears to
solve the environmental issues caused by burning fossil fuels, why
should society be extremely cautious when the new chemical is
manufactured? (1 point)

Many scientists just want to become rich and famous.

The chemical may be too expensive to mass produce.

A better alternative chemical may be just around the corner.

The costs and benefits need to be weighed before manufacturing the chemical.

19.

[08.04]

Fuel cell cars that use hydrogen as fuel have the potential to be
quiet, produce low emissions, and require less maintenance than gasoline
cars. What negative effect might hydrogen fuel have on the environment?
(1 point)

Society will drive more because the fuel is cheaper and more abundant.

To produce the hydrogen, a fuel must be burned and emissions will be produced.

More cars will be on the road because they will be cheaper and less costly to drive.

Hydrogen is dangerous, and many vehicles will explode before technology becomes safe.

20.

[08.05]

Which of the following is not true regarding carbon? (1 point)

Carbon 12 is radioactive.

Carbon can form long chains and rings.

Carbon will bond with other carbon atoms.

Carbon will readily bond with hydrogen and oxygen.

21.

[08.05]

Carbon naturally occurs in two forms: diamond and graphite. Which of
the following best explains why these two forms have very different
properties? (1 point)

The key difference is that diamonds have other elements bonded within their structure.

The differences are explained by the number of covalent and ionic bonds within each substance.

The differences are explained by the density: graphite is very high and diamond is much lower.

The differences are explained by how the carbon atoms within each substance are covalently bonded together.

22.

[08.05]

Which of the following hydrocarbons is not possible if all the atoms have a full octet of electrons? (1 point)

This hydrocarbon consists of two double-bonded carbon atoms. Each carbon atom is also bonded to two hydrogen atoms.

This hydrocarbon consists of two carbon atoms bonded together. Each of the carbon atoms is also bonded to three hydrogen atoms.

This hydrocarbon consists of two carbon atoms joined by a triple-bond. Each of the two carbon atoms is also bonded to a single hydrogen atom.

This hydrocarbon consists of a chain of three carbon atoms. The two end carbons are bonded to three hydrogen atoms.

23.

[08.06]

Which of the following molecules is one that biochemists are most likely to study? (1 point)

atmospheric ozone

enzymes

polyester

silica

24.

[08.06]

Which of the following would be the least likely to be controversial regarding biotechnology ethics? (1 point)

genetic tests revealing information about individuals to the public

injecting diabetics with microorganisms that carry the insulin gene

using genetic information in reproductive decision-making so parents can pick the attributes of children

identifying individuals with genetic conditions so that insurance companies can be notified

25.

[08.06]

Scientists have found that geckos hang from ceilings thanks to
millions of tiny hairs on their toes. Which of the following examples is
most likely a biotechnology development derived from studying the
gecko? (1 point)

adhesive tape

reflective paint

wall-walking robots

hybrid-synthetic fibers

New version available! (3.0.114)

Lithium Atoms and Alternative Renewable Resources Chemistry Questions Science Assignment Help[supanova_question]

Answer the two question in the bottom using the book I provided Humanities Assignment Help

Book is ….

Of the People: A History of the United States since 1865. By Michael McGerr, Jan Ellen Lewis. Volume 2: 4th edition.

ISBN:9780190909970



Directions: Short Essay Responses

Essay Responses: Please answer the following two questions with details and examples taken from the textbook. Be sure to include your own analyses using the book/primary sources/. Submit your answers on Canvas (Assignments)- Good Luck!!!!!!

Essay Questions (25 points each):

What ideas and interests motivated the U.S. to create an empire in the late 19th C.? Compare arguments for and against U.S. imperialism.

**You need to include at least five key terms from the chapters in your response.

In what ways did WWII differ from WWI for the U.S.? What were the consequences of some of these differences? Did WWII change the expectations of those in the U.S. (civilians/troops/men/women)? How did the end of the war begin to shape the postwar world?

**You need to include at least six key terms from the chapters in your response.

Each answer should be at least 7000 words-



WHEN ANSWERING EACH QUESTION / USE A LOT OF

QUOTATIONS FROM THE BOOK

ALONG WITH THE KEY TERMS


DO NOT FORGET IN TEXT CITATION AND WORK CITED PAGE

[supanova_question]

Answering two questions Humanities Assignment Help

Directions: Short Essay Responses

Essay Responses: Please answer the following two questions with details and examples taken from the textbook. Be sure to include your own analyses using the book/primary sources/. Submit your answers on Canvas (Assignments)- Good Luck!!!!!!

Essay Questions (25 points each):

What ideas and interests motivated the U.S. to create an empire in the late 19th C.? Compare arguments for and against U.S. imperialism.

**You need to include at least five key terms from the chapters in your response.

In what ways did WWII differ from WWI for the U.S.? What were the consequences of some of these differences? Did WWII change the expectations of those in the U.S. (civilians/troops/men/women)? How did the end of the war begin to shape the postwar world?

**You need to include at least six key terms from the chapters in your response.

Each answer should be at least 600 words-

[supanova_question]

In “real world” software development, you will often “inherit” a project that works for the most part but has room for improvement. You will make the following modifications to the JavaFX FlashText demo Computer Science Assignment Help

In “real world” software development, you will often “inherit” a project that works for the most part but has room for improvement.
You will make the following modifications to the JavaFX FlashText demo:
1. Instead of the 3 individual threads to use a thread, rework the application to use the ExecutorService.
2. Add an exit button and an event handler that will shut down the application pool and close the application.
Hints:
 An inner class for the tasks will probably be the easiest but it’s your choice.
 Since the labels will flash text indefinitely, the shutdownNow() method will work best.
 Platform.exit() is the graceful way to close a JavaFX application from your exit button

I’ll give u the starter code later.

[supanova_question]

what is Pop art? Humanities Assignment Help

This is a discussion board, word count can be 300-400 words

  1. What is Pop art?
  2. How do YOU think that Pop Art challenge conventional ideas about originality?
  3. Is it original if it’s taken from already existing imagery?
  4. Provide an example that YOU would consider Pop Art, from the textbook. ( I will provide the image from the textbook as well as the context next to it)
  5. In today’s world, what kinds of images would be considered POP ART? (you could provide a few examples of your own)

Use the following for question 4

Throughout the ages, art spaces have been combined with structures that serve other uses. Ancient Greeks had art galleries near their temple complexes. In medieval churches in Europe, treasuries held precious artworks from nearby and far-off lands. Today government buildings all over the world may contain galleries highlighting the artwork of the nation.In the Roman Empire, many rulers spent public funds to build bathhouses, theaters, amphitheaters, circuses, arenas, and stadiums for the pleasure of their subjects, and they adorned those structures with art. At one time, Rome had more than nine hundred bathhouses, ranging from imperial baths to no-frills public baths, where Romans improved their health and socialized. Features included workout rooms, steam rooms, massage rooms, swimming pools, and warm, hot, and cold baths. Imperial baths boasted libraries, art galleries, restaurants, bars, gymnasiums, and shady walkways. They also offered theater performances, public lectures, athletic contests, and other entertaining features. Excavations of bathhouse sites have revealed much ancient sculpture.

The Hakone Open-Air Museum ( Fig. 14.9 ), opened in 1969, is a museum set in nature, located in Japan’s scenic Hakone National Park. Like the Baths of Caracalla, it is a special environment for appreciating the arts. The exquisitely manicured lawns, woods, and gardens complement the many contemporary outdoor sculptures displayed there, all against the breathtaking beauty of the Hakone Mountains. Indoor galleries feature sculptures and paintings by famous twentieth-century Japanese and European artists.

[supanova_question]

[supanova_question]

Quality of Academic Survey Research Business Finance Assignment Help

Introduction:

In critiquing survey research in existing literature, it is important to focus on the quality of the surveys reported in academic journals that present survey data on criminology/criminal justice-related topics. Specific items to consider include the sampling design, manner of administration, response rate, and number of surveys completed, as well as the key findings of a study. Some of the attraction for survey research is its versatility because they can be used to explore almost any topic. Surveys are efficient in that more data can be collected at a lower cost, and relatively quickly, compared to other research methods. Surveys can have high generalizability as they lend themselves to probability sampling from large populations.

Instructions:

The purpose of this discussion is to gain a deeper understanding of the function and utility of surveys as a viable research method. For this discussion, locate a couple of research articles in academic journals that presents survey data on a criminology/criminal justice-related topic and address the following:

  1. Explain the sampling design, manner of administration, response rate, and number of surveys completed for the survey selected, based on the information presented in the methods section of the article selected.
  2. Analyze the key findings of the study, as stated in the abstract (or in the absence of the abstract, in the findings section of the article), in the context of the study’s problem statement.
  3. Explore the generalizability of the findings based on the survey.
  4. Determine whether there are any potential problems for generalizability based on response rates for each survey.

Special Instructions:

Create a 1 page essay in APA format according to the instructions above. Use 2 research articles from academic journals as references. Implement each instruction question as a sub-heading in your essay and answer accordingly. Be sure to utilize in-text citations.

Quality of Academic Survey Research Business Finance Assignment Help[supanova_question]

– Business Intelligence and Data Warehousing Data Analysis Writing Assignment Help

Purpose: To encourage and provide students on-hands experiences of using SAP or Watson
Analytics tools to explore, extract and analyse enterprise data
This is a business analytics project aimed at generating innovative analytics solutions.

It will
allow students to show innovation and creativity in applying SAP Business Object/Predictive
Analytics or Watson Analytics in designing useful visualization solutions and predictive models
for different types of analytics problems.

The topic will be on environmental issues. Your main task is to apply any of the analytical
tools to develop innovative analytics visualization solutions and predictive models with regards
to environment, e.g. climate change, energy consumption, carbon footprint, greenhouse gas
emission, pollution dashboard, etc. Besides the suggested datasets/sources, you may apply any
other real-world dataset to illustrate your approach (the different datasets can be combined too).

Please find the attached sample reports
Some possible datasets/sources:

http://data.un.org/Explorer.aspx
http://data.worldbank.org/topic/environment
https://data.oecd.org/
http://geodata.grid.unep.ch/
http://open-data.europa.eu/en/data/publisher/eea
https://www.data.gov/

[supanova_question]

A presentation about Dubai Humanities Assignment Help

A presentation about Dubai city that shows the famous destinations in Dubai and talking about Dubai in general and how it is became one of the most famous destinations to travel in the world. I need information about Dubai that attract the audience about and gives interesting facts.

I need 4 slides, each slide has a topic and much information to talk about, and pictures in each slide.

I need outline in word documents that has introduction, body, and conclusion that i will talk about.

( cite the sources if needed )

[supanova_question]

What ideas and interests motivated the U.S. to create an empire in the late 19th C.? Compare arguments for and against U.S. imperialism. Writing Assignment Help

Directions: Short Essay Responses

Essay Responses: Please answer the following two questions with details and examples taken from the textbook. Be sure to include your own analyses using the book/primary sources/. Submit your answers on Canvas (Assignments)- Good Luck!!!!!!

Essay Questions (25 points each):

What ideas and interests motivated the U.S. to create an empire in the late 19th C.? Compare arguments for and against U.S. imperialism.

**You need to include at least five key terms from the chapters in your response.

In what ways did WWII differ from WWI for the U.S.? What were the consequences of some of these differences? Did WWII change the expectations of those in the U.S. (civilians/troops/men/women)? How did the end of the war begin to shape the postwar world?

**You need to include at least six key terms from the chapters in your response.

Each answer should be at least 600 words-

textbook is http://www.amscopub.com/products/pdfs/fl/fl-otp2-samp.pdf

[supanova_question]

I need help quick please Humanities Assignment Help

I need help picking one of these short stories and writing a three page paper on it.

Instructions: Select one prompt on which to write a paper of no more than three pages in length. Submit the essay via the link on the ‘Assignments’ page of our Blackboard site. Stories may be found on Blackboard’s ‘Course Documents’ page: Margaret Atwood’s “Happy Endings”; A. S. Byatt’s “The Story of the Eldest Princess”; Karen Joy Fowler’s “The Elizabeth Complex”; Jeanne Wakatsuki Houston’s “Rock Garden”; Gabriel García Márquez’s “The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World”; Edith Wharton’s “Roman Fever.” Review the rubric on the ‘Assignments’ page to gain a better understanding of what is expected of this formal academic paper! Most importantly, remember that this is a class in critical theory: Be certain to explain, not simply define, and apply theoretical concepts within and throughout your paper! I would like you to use the story of the eldest princess I will give you the story after someone says they can do it because its on my phone i can’t post it until someone can help me.

  1. An interesting element of A. S. Byatt’s “The Story of the Eldest Princess” is that the princess realizes she’s in a fairy tale and understands the expectations of her role in that tale. In a sense, she is being ‘hailed’ by the fairy-tale structure. What are the forces that shape her ideology initially, that lead her to understand her subject position, and eventually what forces permit her to rethink that role and break the power of mythic expectation? How, ultimately, does she deconstruct our understanding of the fairy tale, of the quest motif, and of the moral we’ve come to expect at the end of fairy and folk tales?
  1. Joy Fowler’s “The Elizabeth Complex” is a postmodern labyrinth, with four historical “Elizabeths” fragmenting and melding so that by story’s end, we have an uncertain Elizabeth as our protagonist. Historical women: The two words work together and separately to offer you a narrative fabric to critique. How does Fowler subvert both history and the position of women in this story? Why does she use these four diverse “Elizabeths” to critique both the role of women and the role of history in this short story? How is Fowler’s entanglement of women’s roles a response to patriarchal oppression?
  1. Analyze the role of either Alida Slade or Grace Ansley (but not both) in Edith Wharton’s “Roman Fever.” As they reflect upon their lives, and upon each other, how has each become a constructed “subject” in their marriage? How much does each retain of an essential “self,” and how has a sense of “self” shaped who they now are? How, in essence, has the role or each woman been interpellated, based upon societal expectations, and how has patriarchy figured into this development? Be certain to draw upon specific examples and illustrations, explaining fully the connections you recognize.

the concepts that you can define in the paper are

AUTHORITY

Author: an individual who has created a particular text.

Author Function: a constructed social position devised as a function of discourse. [Michel Foucault, “What Is An Author?” (1969)]

Canon: a term referring to those literary works that are “privileged,” or given special status, by a culture; these are works we often tend to think of as “classics” or as “Great Books”—texts that are repeatedly printed in anthologies of literature and tend to reflect the culture’s dominant ideology.

Death of the Author: the acceptance of writing and creator being unrelated once the text is completed, and so biography of the creator and any intentions for the text ultimately are meaningless. [Roland Barthes, “The Death of the Author,” (1967)]

Discourse: ways of speaking that are bound by ideological, professional, cultural, political, or sociological communities—ways of thinking and talking about the world which promote specific kinds of power relations.

Ideology: a belief system that develops out of cultural conditioning—and which may be repressive or oppressive even as it is passed off as “the way it is” in the world; these interrelated ideas form a seemingly coherent view of the world.

Intentional Fallacy: concern for the author’s purpose in writing the work; to the New Critic, this way of determining the meaning and effectiveness of a work is erroneous because it is based on information outside the text. [W. K. Wimsatt & Monroe Beardsley, The Verbal Icon (1954)].

READING

Deferral: the inability to isolate a signifier as multiple possibilities always already exist. [Jacques Derrida, Différance (1968)]

Différance: the concept suggesting that words and signs can never fully summon forth what they intend to mean, but are always reliant upon additional words and signs from which they differ, demonstrating the instability of language. [Jacques Derrida, Différance (1968)]

Dissemination: the inability to isolate a signified, as multiple possibilities always already exist. [Jacques Derrida, Différance (1968)].

Horizon of Expectations: expectations likely on part of readers based upon understanding of genres, works, and languages; what they value and look for in a work [Robert Jauss, Literary History as a Challenge to Literary Theory (1967)].

Implied Reader: reader ‘created’ by the text, based upon necessary skills and qualities required for the text to have an intended effect [Wolfgang Iser, The Implied Reader (1972)]

Indeterminacies: uncertainties or ‘blanks’ within a text that must be filled in by the reader; indeterminacies exist wherever a reader perceives something to be missing between words, sentences, paragraphs, stanzas or chapters [Wolfgang Iser, “Indeterminacy and the Reader’s Resposne in Prose Fiction” (1971)].

Interpretive Communities: existence of multiple and diverse reading groups, each with specific reading goals and strategies, leading to the inevitability of multiple interpretations [Stanley Fish, “Interpreting the Variorum” (1976)].

Lisible (readerly text): a prescriptive text that attempts to dictate meaning to the reader, resulting in a “readable” text that brings “pleasure” while allowing the reader “consumption” of the material yet without challenging the reader as a subject. [Barthes, S/Z (1970)].

Scriptible (writerly text): an open text that allows for participation by the reader in determining meaning rather than prescriptively dictating meaning, thus allowing the reader to engage in a “writable” text that brings “bliss” (jouissance) while fracturing the subject-status of the reader. [Barthes, S/Z (1970)].

Signification: a representation or conveyance of meaning through the interaction of:

  • Sign: combination of signifier and signified, producing meaning;
  • Signifier: sound or script image used to represent a more abstract concept, the ‘signified’;
  • Signified: abstract idea being represented by the signifier, although meaning is recognizably arbitrary. [Ferdinand de Saussure, A Course on General Linguistics (1916)]

Subject: identity as defined by cultural and social practices; the person defined externally.

Transcendental Signified: the apparent meaning to which all signs point but to which they can never refer because of an inevitable gap between signifier and signified into which all meaning falls. [Jacques Derrida, Différance (1968)].

SUBJECTIVITY

Archetypes: inherited ideas and patterns such as universal and recurring images and motifs that exist in the collective unconscious and which appear in literature, art, fairy tales, dreams and rituals; they emerge in individuals through dreams, visions, and creative production. [Carl Gustav Jung]

Collective Unconscious: the unconscious mind derived from ancestral memory and experience, distinct from the personal unconscious, and common to all humankind. [Carl Gustav Jung, “The Structure of the Unconscious” (1916)]

Constructivist: belief in a personal and socio-cultural development of truth.

Electra Complex: the daughter’s unconscious desire for father’s attention, creating rivalry with mother for that attention, originally referred to as the “negative Oedipus complex.” [Sigmund Freud].

Essentialist: belief in the natural/biological certainty of truth.

Individuation: conscious realization of one’s unique psychological reality, including both strengths and limitations; it is ultimate maturation—discovery, acceptance, integration [Carl Gustav Jung].

Oedipal Complex: son’s unconscious desire for mother’s attention, creating rivalry with father for that attention [Freud].

Self: the individual untouched and untainted by cultural factors and influences; intrinsic nature of person.

Self-Defense Mechanisms: behaviors protecting us from unwanted emotions such as anger, guilt, fear, and anxiety, displayed in activities such as:

  • displacement—transference of feelings on unrelated thing/person;
  • repression—deliberate withdrawal of attention from disagreeable experience;
  • projection—one’s own unconscious quality/characteristic perceived and reacted to in another;
  • regression—retreat into childish tendencies governed by id impulses [Sigmund Freud].

Subject: identity as defined by cultural and social practices; the person defined externally.

Tripartite Model: division of individual psyche into three components:

  • Id—source of conscious desires and impulses;
  • Superego—conscience or moral guide, providing discipline and restraint;
  • Ego—mediation of inner self and external world to satisfy both ego and superego [Sigmund Freud, The Ego and the Id (1923)]

CULTURE

Binary Opposition: a concept suggesting how Western culture tends to think and express thoughts in terms of contrary pairs, leading to a privileging of one over the other, e.g., rich/poor, with rich privileged of the pair. [Jacques Derrida, Of Grammatology (1976)]

Commodification: a perception of objects or people for their exchange or sign-exchange value, determining a value the object or person holds in status, power, and worth”

Exchange Value: the value of an object or person in trade for money or other objects or persons.

Sign-Exchange Value: the value of an object or person for what the status or symbolic power it confers upon the owner.

Use Value: the physical value of an object or person for what it can do practically, functionally, or the need it can fulfill.

Culture: the sum of social patterns, traits, and products of a particular time or group of people; practices, habits, customs, beliefs and traditions that become institutions within that time and space, particular to that time and space.

False Consciousness: an ideology that appears of value but which actually serves the interests of those in power, offering the illusion of being part of the “natural order” of things, but they actually disguise and draw one’s attention from socio-economic conditions that limit, oppress, and deny the potential of the individual. [Friedrich Engels, “Letter to Mehring” (1893)].

Hegemony: the ‘spontaneous consent’ given by the masses to the imposed, formalized social practices of the dominant fundamental power, convincing the less powerful these behaviors are for their own good. [Antonio Gramsci, Prison Notebooks (c. 1927-35)]

Identity Politics: ideological formations that typically aim to secure the political freedom of a specific marginalized constituency within its larger context through assertion of power, reclamation of distinctive characteristics, and appropriation of signifiers that have been used to oppress or demean.

Interpellation: a process by which ideology constitutes subjected identity through institutions, discourses, and other social, cultural and familial factors:

situation precedes subject, ‘hailing’ the subject who is ‘always-already interpellated’

identities are produced by social forces rather than independent agency, constituted in Ideological State Apparatuses (schools, churches, families, and so on) and Repressive State Apparatuses (government, courts, police force, military). [Louis Althusser, “Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses” (1971)].

Othering: perceiving/treating a person or group of people as intrinsically different from and alien to oneself.

Paired Identities: in feminist critical theory, stereotypical good/bad roles: madonna/whore, angel/bitch, virgin/slut that appear routinely in patriarchal cultural constructs, denying to women a range of humanity.

Patriarchy: a term used by feminist critics who consider Western society to be “father-ruled,” that is, dominated and generally controlled by men upholding and promoting masculine “values” that, in turn, maintain men in positions of power.

Political Economy: recognition of political institutions, the political environment, and the economic system produce and distribute media for ideological aims and commercial profit.

Semiotics: the study of signs and sign systems and the way meaning is derived and determined from them on the part of the interpreter. [Charles Sanders Peirce, “Questions Concerning Certain Capacities Claimed for Man” (1868)]

Symbol: a sign that stands for or suggests something larger or more complex, usually a tangible item that represents an abstraction.

IDEOLOGY

Base: economics and acts of consumptive production, such as the means of production and the divisions of labor in employer-employee relations, that serve as support for the superstructure of social, political and ideological realities. [Karl Marx, A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy (1859)]

Conspicuous Consumption: the act of owning or displaying goods solely for their exchange value or sign-exchange value, or making overt charitable contributions, thus demonstrating social prestige through the display of superior socio-economic status. [Thorstein Veblen, The Theory of the Leisure Class: An Economic Study in the Evolution of Institutions (1899)]

Historical Conditions: ideological conditions that are a result of economic (material) circumstances which in turn shape the direction of those economic conditions; the writing of a literary text, for instance is in some part shaped by the events and circumstances that become enveloped in the narrative.

Material Conditions: economic conditions that give rise to ideological, social and political (historical) circumstances which in turn shape those socio-, historico-, and ideological conditions; while historical conditions are largely conceptual, material circumstances are concrete—that is, they are practical, pragmatic, and substantial elements which are part of everyday life, such as one’s house, money, car, and so on.

Political Unconscious: the concept that all texts are destabilized by their historical reality—that is, the text is a socially symbolic act, given its reliance on an historical language and material conditions that are, themselves, ideological acts of false consciousness. [Frederic Jameson, The Political Unconscious: Narrative as Socially Symbolic Act (1981)]

Superstructure: the social, political, and ideological realities that shape structures of power, cultural norms and expectations, and thus our identities, and which are founded upon the base, or economics. [Karl Marx, A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy (1859)]

HISTORY

Ahistorical: a web-like, subjective and fragmented way of perceiving history as an expression or representation of forces on narrative-making as opposed to traditional linear understandings of history.

Artifacts: elements of discourse from a particular period that serve to supplement and subvert the master narrative.

Episteme: the underlying conditions of truth that define how a particular age views the world, thereby developing an accepted discourse that produces knowledge within a particular time and place. [Michel Foucault, The Order of Things (1966)]

Historical: reference to the linear, objective and progressive perspective of the way in which time is traditionally thought to unfold, in contrast to contemporary ahistorical perspectives of space and time.

Historical Afterlife: the continual ruination and reconfiguration of the past within the present, the meaning of any historical artifact or incident being an ongoing reconstitution and appropriation. [Walter Benjamin, “The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction” (1935)]

Master Narrative: a grand narrative told from a single cultural point-of-view which presumes to offer the only legitimate version of history, thus discounting marginalized versions that defy and subvert the privileged version. [Jean-François Lyotard, The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge (1979)]

Thick Description: the accumulation of seemingly insignificant details, conceptual structures, and meanings, as well as commentary and interpretations, that reveal a culture. [Clifford Geertz, Thick Description: Toward an Interpretive Theory of Culture (1973)]

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https://anyessayhelp.com/

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I need help quick please Humanities Assignment Help

I need help picking one of these short stories and writing a three page paper on it.

Instructions: Select one prompt on which to write a paper of no more than three pages in length. Submit the essay via the link on the ‘Assignments’ page of our Blackboard site. Stories may be found on Blackboard’s ‘Course Documents’ page: Margaret Atwood’s “Happy Endings”; A. S. Byatt’s “The Story of the Eldest Princess”; Karen Joy Fowler’s “The Elizabeth Complex”; Jeanne Wakatsuki Houston’s “Rock Garden”; Gabriel García Márquez’s “The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World”; Edith Wharton’s “Roman Fever.” Review the rubric on the ‘Assignments’ page to gain a better understanding of what is expected of this formal academic paper! Most importantly, remember that this is a class in critical theory: Be certain to explain, not simply define, and apply theoretical concepts within and throughout your paper! I would like you to use the story of the eldest princess I will give you the story after someone says they can do it because its on my phone i can’t post it until someone can help me.

  1. An interesting element of A. S. Byatt’s “The Story of the Eldest Princess” is that the princess realizes she’s in a fairy tale and understands the expectations of her role in that tale. In a sense, she is being ‘hailed’ by the fairy-tale structure. What are the forces that shape her ideology initially, that lead her to understand her subject position, and eventually what forces permit her to rethink that role and break the power of mythic expectation? How, ultimately, does she deconstruct our understanding of the fairy tale, of the quest motif, and of the moral we’ve come to expect at the end of fairy and folk tales?
  1. Joy Fowler’s “The Elizabeth Complex” is a postmodern labyrinth, with four historical “Elizabeths” fragmenting and melding so that by story’s end, we have an uncertain Elizabeth as our protagonist. Historical women: The two words work together and separately to offer you a narrative fabric to critique. How does Fowler subvert both history and the position of women in this story? Why does she use these four diverse “Elizabeths” to critique both the role of women and the role of history in this short story? How is Fowler’s entanglement of women’s roles a response to patriarchal oppression?
  1. Analyze the role of either Alida Slade or Grace Ansley (but not both) in Edith Wharton’s “Roman Fever.” As they reflect upon their lives, and upon each other, how has each become a constructed “subject” in their marriage? How much does each retain of an essential “self,” and how has a sense of “self” shaped who they now are? How, in essence, has the role or each woman been interpellated, based upon societal expectations, and how has patriarchy figured into this development? Be certain to draw upon specific examples and illustrations, explaining fully the connections you recognize.

the concepts that you can define in the paper are

AUTHORITY

Author: an individual who has created a particular text.

Author Function: a constructed social position devised as a function of discourse. [Michel Foucault, “What Is An Author?” (1969)]

Canon: a term referring to those literary works that are “privileged,” or given special status, by a culture; these are works we often tend to think of as “classics” or as “Great Books”—texts that are repeatedly printed in anthologies of literature and tend to reflect the culture’s dominant ideology.

Death of the Author: the acceptance of writing and creator being unrelated once the text is completed, and so biography of the creator and any intentions for the text ultimately are meaningless. [Roland Barthes, “The Death of the Author,” (1967)]

Discourse: ways of speaking that are bound by ideological, professional, cultural, political, or sociological communities—ways of thinking and talking about the world which promote specific kinds of power relations.

Ideology: a belief system that develops out of cultural conditioning—and which may be repressive or oppressive even as it is passed off as “the way it is” in the world; these interrelated ideas form a seemingly coherent view of the world.

Intentional Fallacy: concern for the author’s purpose in writing the work; to the New Critic, this way of determining the meaning and effectiveness of a work is erroneous because it is based on information outside the text. [W. K. Wimsatt & Monroe Beardsley, The Verbal Icon (1954)].

READING

Deferral: the inability to isolate a signifier as multiple possibilities always already exist. [Jacques Derrida, Différance (1968)]

Différance: the concept suggesting that words and signs can never fully summon forth what they intend to mean, but are always reliant upon additional words and signs from which they differ, demonstrating the instability of language. [Jacques Derrida, Différance (1968)]

Dissemination: the inability to isolate a signified, as multiple possibilities always already exist. [Jacques Derrida, Différance (1968)].

Horizon of Expectations: expectations likely on part of readers based upon understanding of genres, works, and languages; what they value and look for in a work [Robert Jauss, Literary History as a Challenge to Literary Theory (1967)].

Implied Reader: reader ‘created’ by the text, based upon necessary skills and qualities required for the text to have an intended effect [Wolfgang Iser, The Implied Reader (1972)]

Indeterminacies: uncertainties or ‘blanks’ within a text that must be filled in by the reader; indeterminacies exist wherever a reader perceives something to be missing between words, sentences, paragraphs, stanzas or chapters [Wolfgang Iser, “Indeterminacy and the Reader’s Resposne in Prose Fiction” (1971)].

Interpretive Communities: existence of multiple and diverse reading groups, each with specific reading goals and strategies, leading to the inevitability of multiple interpretations [Stanley Fish, “Interpreting the Variorum” (1976)].

Lisible (readerly text): a prescriptive text that attempts to dictate meaning to the reader, resulting in a “readable” text that brings “pleasure” while allowing the reader “consumption” of the material yet without challenging the reader as a subject. [Barthes, S/Z (1970)].

Scriptible (writerly text): an open text that allows for participation by the reader in determining meaning rather than prescriptively dictating meaning, thus allowing the reader to engage in a “writable” text that brings “bliss” (jouissance) while fracturing the subject-status of the reader. [Barthes, S/Z (1970)].

Signification: a representation or conveyance of meaning through the interaction of:

  • Sign: combination of signifier and signified, producing meaning;
  • Signifier: sound or script image used to represent a more abstract concept, the ‘signified’;
  • Signified: abstract idea being represented by the signifier, although meaning is recognizably arbitrary. [Ferdinand de Saussure, A Course on General Linguistics (1916)]

Subject: identity as defined by cultural and social practices; the person defined externally.

Transcendental Signified: the apparent meaning to which all signs point but to which they can never refer because of an inevitable gap between signifier and signified into which all meaning falls. [Jacques Derrida, Différance (1968)].

SUBJECTIVITY

Archetypes: inherited ideas and patterns such as universal and recurring images and motifs that exist in the collective unconscious and which appear in literature, art, fairy tales, dreams and rituals; they emerge in individuals through dreams, visions, and creative production. [Carl Gustav Jung]

Collective Unconscious: the unconscious mind derived from ancestral memory and experience, distinct from the personal unconscious, and common to all humankind. [Carl Gustav Jung, “The Structure of the Unconscious” (1916)]

Constructivist: belief in a personal and socio-cultural development of truth.

Electra Complex: the daughter’s unconscious desire for father’s attention, creating rivalry with mother for that attention, originally referred to as the “negative Oedipus complex.” [Sigmund Freud].

Essentialist: belief in the natural/biological certainty of truth.

Individuation: conscious realization of one’s unique psychological reality, including both strengths and limitations; it is ultimate maturation—discovery, acceptance, integration [Carl Gustav Jung].

Oedipal Complex: son’s unconscious desire for mother’s attention, creating rivalry with father for that attention [Freud].

Self: the individual untouched and untainted by cultural factors and influences; intrinsic nature of person.

Self-Defense Mechanisms: behaviors protecting us from unwanted emotions such as anger, guilt, fear, and anxiety, displayed in activities such as:

  • displacement—transference of feelings on unrelated thing/person;
  • repression—deliberate withdrawal of attention from disagreeable experience;
  • projection—one’s own unconscious quality/characteristic perceived and reacted to in another;
  • regression—retreat into childish tendencies governed by id impulses [Sigmund Freud].

Subject: identity as defined by cultural and social practices; the person defined externally.

Tripartite Model: division of individual psyche into three components:

  • Id—source of conscious desires and impulses;
  • Superego—conscience or moral guide, providing discipline and restraint;
  • Ego—mediation of inner self and external world to satisfy both ego and superego [Sigmund Freud, The Ego and the Id (1923)]

CULTURE

Binary Opposition: a concept suggesting how Western culture tends to think and express thoughts in terms of contrary pairs, leading to a privileging of one over the other, e.g., rich/poor, with rich privileged of the pair. [Jacques Derrida, Of Grammatology (1976)]

Commodification: a perception of objects or people for their exchange or sign-exchange value, determining a value the object or person holds in status, power, and worth”

Exchange Value: the value of an object or person in trade for money or other objects or persons.

Sign-Exchange Value: the value of an object or person for what the status or symbolic power it confers upon the owner.

Use Value: the physical value of an object or person for what it can do practically, functionally, or the need it can fulfill.

Culture: the sum of social patterns, traits, and products of a particular time or group of people; practices, habits, customs, beliefs and traditions that become institutions within that time and space, particular to that time and space.

False Consciousness: an ideology that appears of value but which actually serves the interests of those in power, offering the illusion of being part of the “natural order” of things, but they actually disguise and draw one’s attention from socio-economic conditions that limit, oppress, and deny the potential of the individual. [Friedrich Engels, “Letter to Mehring” (1893)].

Hegemony: the ‘spontaneous consent’ given by the masses to the imposed, formalized social practices of the dominant fundamental power, convincing the less powerful these behaviors are for their own good. [Antonio Gramsci, Prison Notebooks (c. 1927-35)]

Identity Politics: ideological formations that typically aim to secure the political freedom of a specific marginalized constituency within its larger context through assertion of power, reclamation of distinctive characteristics, and appropriation of signifiers that have been used to oppress or demean.

Interpellation: a process by which ideology constitutes subjected identity through institutions, discourses, and other social, cultural and familial factors:

situation precedes subject, ‘hailing’ the subject who is ‘always-already interpellated’

identities are produced by social forces rather than independent agency, constituted in Ideological State Apparatuses (schools, churches, families, and so on) and Repressive State Apparatuses (government, courts, police force, military). [Louis Althusser, “Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses” (1971)].

Othering: perceiving/treating a person or group of people as intrinsically different from and alien to oneself.

Paired Identities: in feminist critical theory, stereotypical good/bad roles: madonna/whore, angel/bitch, virgin/slut that appear routinely in patriarchal cultural constructs, denying to women a range of humanity.

Patriarchy: a term used by feminist critics who consider Western society to be “father-ruled,” that is, dominated and generally controlled by men upholding and promoting masculine “values” that, in turn, maintain men in positions of power.

Political Economy: recognition of political institutions, the political environment, and the economic system produce and distribute media for ideological aims and commercial profit.

Semiotics: the study of signs and sign systems and the way meaning is derived and determined from them on the part of the interpreter. [Charles Sanders Peirce, “Questions Concerning Certain Capacities Claimed for Man” (1868)]

Symbol: a sign that stands for or suggests something larger or more complex, usually a tangible item that represents an abstraction.

IDEOLOGY

Base: economics and acts of consumptive production, such as the means of production and the divisions of labor in employer-employee relations, that serve as support for the superstructure of social, political and ideological realities. [Karl Marx, A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy (1859)]

Conspicuous Consumption: the act of owning or displaying goods solely for their exchange value or sign-exchange value, or making overt charitable contributions, thus demonstrating social prestige through the display of superior socio-economic status. [Thorstein Veblen, The Theory of the Leisure Class: An Economic Study in the Evolution of Institutions (1899)]

Historical Conditions: ideological conditions that are a result of economic (material) circumstances which in turn shape the direction of those economic conditions; the writing of a literary text, for instance is in some part shaped by the events and circumstances that become enveloped in the narrative.

Material Conditions: economic conditions that give rise to ideological, social and political (historical) circumstances which in turn shape those socio-, historico-, and ideological conditions; while historical conditions are largely conceptual, material circumstances are concrete—that is, they are practical, pragmatic, and substantial elements which are part of everyday life, such as one’s house, money, car, and so on.

Political Unconscious: the concept that all texts are destabilized by their historical reality—that is, the text is a socially symbolic act, given its reliance on an historical language and material conditions that are, themselves, ideological acts of false consciousness. [Frederic Jameson, The Political Unconscious: Narrative as Socially Symbolic Act (1981)]

Superstructure: the social, political, and ideological realities that shape structures of power, cultural norms and expectations, and thus our identities, and which are founded upon the base, or economics. [Karl Marx, A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy (1859)]

HISTORY

Ahistorical: a web-like, subjective and fragmented way of perceiving history as an expression or representation of forces on narrative-making as opposed to traditional linear understandings of history.

Artifacts: elements of discourse from a particular period that serve to supplement and subvert the master narrative.

Episteme: the underlying conditions of truth that define how a particular age views the world, thereby developing an accepted discourse that produces knowledge within a particular time and place. [Michel Foucault, The Order of Things (1966)]

Historical: reference to the linear, objective and progressive perspective of the way in which time is traditionally thought to unfold, in contrast to contemporary ahistorical perspectives of space and time.

Historical Afterlife: the continual ruination and reconfiguration of the past within the present, the meaning of any historical artifact or incident being an ongoing reconstitution and appropriation. [Walter Benjamin, “The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction” (1935)]

Master Narrative: a grand narrative told from a single cultural point-of-view which presumes to offer the only legitimate version of history, thus discounting marginalized versions that defy and subvert the privileged version. [Jean-François Lyotard, The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge (1979)]

Thick Description: the accumulation of seemingly insignificant details, conceptual structures, and meanings, as well as commentary and interpretations, that reveal a culture. [Clifford Geertz, Thick Description: Toward an Interpretive Theory of Culture (1973)]

[supanova_question]

https://anyessayhelp.com/

[supanova_question]

I need help quick please Humanities Assignment Help

I need help picking one of these short stories and writing a three page paper on it.

Instructions: Select one prompt on which to write a paper of no more than three pages in length. Submit the essay via the link on the ‘Assignments’ page of our Blackboard site. Stories may be found on Blackboard’s ‘Course Documents’ page: Margaret Atwood’s “Happy Endings”; A. S. Byatt’s “The Story of the Eldest Princess”; Karen Joy Fowler’s “The Elizabeth Complex”; Jeanne Wakatsuki Houston’s “Rock Garden”; Gabriel García Márquez’s “The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World”; Edith Wharton’s “Roman Fever.” Review the rubric on the ‘Assignments’ page to gain a better understanding of what is expected of this formal academic paper! Most importantly, remember that this is a class in critical theory: Be certain to explain, not simply define, and apply theoretical concepts within and throughout your paper! I would like you to use the story of the eldest princess I will give you the story after someone says they can do it because its on my phone i can’t post it until someone can help me.

  1. An interesting element of A. S. Byatt’s “The Story of the Eldest Princess” is that the princess realizes she’s in a fairy tale and understands the expectations of her role in that tale. In a sense, she is being ‘hailed’ by the fairy-tale structure. What are the forces that shape her ideology initially, that lead her to understand her subject position, and eventually what forces permit her to rethink that role and break the power of mythic expectation? How, ultimately, does she deconstruct our understanding of the fairy tale, of the quest motif, and of the moral we’ve come to expect at the end of fairy and folk tales?
  1. Joy Fowler’s “The Elizabeth Complex” is a postmodern labyrinth, with four historical “Elizabeths” fragmenting and melding so that by story’s end, we have an uncertain Elizabeth as our protagonist. Historical women: The two words work together and separately to offer you a narrative fabric to critique. How does Fowler subvert both history and the position of women in this story? Why does she use these four diverse “Elizabeths” to critique both the role of women and the role of history in this short story? How is Fowler’s entanglement of women’s roles a response to patriarchal oppression?
  1. Analyze the role of either Alida Slade or Grace Ansley (but not both) in Edith Wharton’s “Roman Fever.” As they reflect upon their lives, and upon each other, how has each become a constructed “subject” in their marriage? How much does each retain of an essential “self,” and how has a sense of “self” shaped who they now are? How, in essence, has the role or each woman been interpellated, based upon societal expectations, and how has patriarchy figured into this development? Be certain to draw upon specific examples and illustrations, explaining fully the connections you recognize.

the concepts that you can define in the paper are

AUTHORITY

Author: an individual who has created a particular text.

Author Function: a constructed social position devised as a function of discourse. [Michel Foucault, “What Is An Author?” (1969)]

Canon: a term referring to those literary works that are “privileged,” or given special status, by a culture; these are works we often tend to think of as “classics” or as “Great Books”—texts that are repeatedly printed in anthologies of literature and tend to reflect the culture’s dominant ideology.

Death of the Author: the acceptance of writing and creator being unrelated once the text is completed, and so biography of the creator and any intentions for the text ultimately are meaningless. [Roland Barthes, “The Death of the Author,” (1967)]

Discourse: ways of speaking that are bound by ideological, professional, cultural, political, or sociological communities—ways of thinking and talking about the world which promote specific kinds of power relations.

Ideology: a belief system that develops out of cultural conditioning—and which may be repressive or oppressive even as it is passed off as “the way it is” in the world; these interrelated ideas form a seemingly coherent view of the world.

Intentional Fallacy: concern for the author’s purpose in writing the work; to the New Critic, this way of determining the meaning and effectiveness of a work is erroneous because it is based on information outside the text. [W. K. Wimsatt & Monroe Beardsley, The Verbal Icon (1954)].

READING

Deferral: the inability to isolate a signifier as multiple possibilities always already exist. [Jacques Derrida, Différance (1968)]

Différance: the concept suggesting that words and signs can never fully summon forth what they intend to mean, but are always reliant upon additional words and signs from which they differ, demonstrating the instability of language. [Jacques Derrida, Différance (1968)]

Dissemination: the inability to isolate a signified, as multiple possibilities always already exist. [Jacques Derrida, Différance (1968)].

Horizon of Expectations: expectations likely on part of readers based upon understanding of genres, works, and languages; what they value and look for in a work [Robert Jauss, Literary History as a Challenge to Literary Theory (1967)].

Implied Reader: reader ‘created’ by the text, based upon necessary skills and qualities required for the text to have an intended effect [Wolfgang Iser, The Implied Reader (1972)]

Indeterminacies: uncertainties or ‘blanks’ within a text that must be filled in by the reader; indeterminacies exist wherever a reader perceives something to be missing between words, sentences, paragraphs, stanzas or chapters [Wolfgang Iser, “Indeterminacy and the Reader’s Resposne in Prose Fiction” (1971)].

Interpretive Communities: existence of multiple and diverse reading groups, each with specific reading goals and strategies, leading to the inevitability of multiple interpretations [Stanley Fish, “Interpreting the Variorum” (1976)].

Lisible (readerly text): a prescriptive text that attempts to dictate meaning to the reader, resulting in a “readable” text that brings “pleasure” while allowing the reader “consumption” of the material yet without challenging the reader as a subject. [Barthes, S/Z (1970)].

Scriptible (writerly text): an open text that allows for participation by the reader in determining meaning rather than prescriptively dictating meaning, thus allowing the reader to engage in a “writable” text that brings “bliss” (jouissance) while fracturing the subject-status of the reader. [Barthes, S/Z (1970)].

Signification: a representation or conveyance of meaning through the interaction of:

  • Sign: combination of signifier and signified, producing meaning;
  • Signifier: sound or script image used to represent a more abstract concept, the ‘signified’;
  • Signified: abstract idea being represented by the signifier, although meaning is recognizably arbitrary. [Ferdinand de Saussure, A Course on General Linguistics (1916)]

Subject: identity as defined by cultural and social practices; the person defined externally.

Transcendental Signified: the apparent meaning to which all signs point but to which they can never refer because of an inevitable gap between signifier and signified into which all meaning falls. [Jacques Derrida, Différance (1968)].

SUBJECTIVITY

Archetypes: inherited ideas and patterns such as universal and recurring images and motifs that exist in the collective unconscious and which appear in literature, art, fairy tales, dreams and rituals; they emerge in individuals through dreams, visions, and creative production. [Carl Gustav Jung]

Collective Unconscious: the unconscious mind derived from ancestral memory and experience, distinct from the personal unconscious, and common to all humankind. [Carl Gustav Jung, “The Structure of the Unconscious” (1916)]

Constructivist: belief in a personal and socio-cultural development of truth.

Electra Complex: the daughter’s unconscious desire for father’s attention, creating rivalry with mother for that attention, originally referred to as the “negative Oedipus complex.” [Sigmund Freud].

Essentialist: belief in the natural/biological certainty of truth.

Individuation: conscious realization of one’s unique psychological reality, including both strengths and limitations; it is ultimate maturation—discovery, acceptance, integration [Carl Gustav Jung].

Oedipal Complex: son’s unconscious desire for mother’s attention, creating rivalry with father for that attention [Freud].

Self: the individual untouched and untainted by cultural factors and influences; intrinsic nature of person.

Self-Defense Mechanisms: behaviors protecting us from unwanted emotions such as anger, guilt, fear, and anxiety, displayed in activities such as:

  • displacement—transference of feelings on unrelated thing/person;
  • repression—deliberate withdrawal of attention from disagreeable experience;
  • projection—one’s own unconscious quality/characteristic perceived and reacted to in another;
  • regression—retreat into childish tendencies governed by id impulses [Sigmund Freud].

Subject: identity as defined by cultural and social practices; the person defined externally.

Tripartite Model: division of individual psyche into three components:

  • Id—source of conscious desires and impulses;
  • Superego—conscience or moral guide, providing discipline and restraint;
  • Ego—mediation of inner self and external world to satisfy both ego and superego [Sigmund Freud, The Ego and the Id (1923)]

CULTURE

Binary Opposition: a concept suggesting how Western culture tends to think and express thoughts in terms of contrary pairs, leading to a privileging of one over the other, e.g., rich/poor, with rich privileged of the pair. [Jacques Derrida, Of Grammatology (1976)]

Commodification: a perception of objects or people for their exchange or sign-exchange value, determining a value the object or person holds in status, power, and worth”

Exchange Value: the value of an object or person in trade for money or other objects or persons.

Sign-Exchange Value: the value of an object or person for what the status or symbolic power it confers upon the owner.

Use Value: the physical value of an object or person for what it can do practically, functionally, or the need it can fulfill.

Culture: the sum of social patterns, traits, and products of a particular time or group of people; practices, habits, customs, beliefs and traditions that become institutions within that time and space, particular to that time and space.

False Consciousness: an ideology that appears of value but which actually serves the interests of those in power, offering the illusion of being part of the “natural order” of things, but they actually disguise and draw one’s attention from socio-economic conditions that limit, oppress, and deny the potential of the individual. [Friedrich Engels, “Letter to Mehring” (1893)].

Hegemony: the ‘spontaneous consent’ given by the masses to the imposed, formalized social practices of the dominant fundamental power, convincing the less powerful these behaviors are for their own good. [Antonio Gramsci, Prison Notebooks (c. 1927-35)]

Identity Politics: ideological formations that typically aim to secure the political freedom of a specific marginalized constituency within its larger context through assertion of power, reclamation of distinctive characteristics, and appropriation of signifiers that have been used to oppress or demean.

Interpellation: a process by which ideology constitutes subjected identity through institutions, discourses, and other social, cultural and familial factors:

situation precedes subject, ‘hailing’ the subject who is ‘always-already interpellated’

identities are produced by social forces rather than independent agency, constituted in Ideological State Apparatuses (schools, churches, families, and so on) and Repressive State Apparatuses (government, courts, police force, military). [Louis Althusser, “Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses” (1971)].

Othering: perceiving/treating a person or group of people as intrinsically different from and alien to oneself.

Paired Identities: in feminist critical theory, stereotypical good/bad roles: madonna/whore, angel/bitch, virgin/slut that appear routinely in patriarchal cultural constructs, denying to women a range of humanity.

Patriarchy: a term used by feminist critics who consider Western society to be “father-ruled,” that is, dominated and generally controlled by men upholding and promoting masculine “values” that, in turn, maintain men in positions of power.

Political Economy: recognition of political institutions, the political environment, and the economic system produce and distribute media for ideological aims and commercial profit.

Semiotics: the study of signs and sign systems and the way meaning is derived and determined from them on the part of the interpreter. [Charles Sanders Peirce, “Questions Concerning Certain Capacities Claimed for Man” (1868)]

Symbol: a sign that stands for or suggests something larger or more complex, usually a tangible item that represents an abstraction.

IDEOLOGY

Base: economics and acts of consumptive production, such as the means of production and the divisions of labor in employer-employee relations, that serve as support for the superstructure of social, political and ideological realities. [Karl Marx, A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy (1859)]

Conspicuous Consumption: the act of owning or displaying goods solely for their exchange value or sign-exchange value, or making overt charitable contributions, thus demonstrating social prestige through the display of superior socio-economic status. [Thorstein Veblen, The Theory of the Leisure Class: An Economic Study in the Evolution of Institutions (1899)]

Historical Conditions: ideological conditions that are a result of economic (material) circumstances which in turn shape the direction of those economic conditions; the writing of a literary text, for instance is in some part shaped by the events and circumstances that become enveloped in the narrative.

Material Conditions: economic conditions that give rise to ideological, social and political (historical) circumstances which in turn shape those socio-, historico-, and ideological conditions; while historical conditions are largely conceptual, material circumstances are concrete—that is, they are practical, pragmatic, and substantial elements which are part of everyday life, such as one’s house, money, car, and so on.

Political Unconscious: the concept that all texts are destabilized by their historical reality—that is, the text is a socially symbolic act, given its reliance on an historical language and material conditions that are, themselves, ideological acts of false consciousness. [Frederic Jameson, The Political Unconscious: Narrative as Socially Symbolic Act (1981)]

Superstructure: the social, political, and ideological realities that shape structures of power, cultural norms and expectations, and thus our identities, and which are founded upon the base, or economics. [Karl Marx, A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy (1859)]

HISTORY

Ahistorical: a web-like, subjective and fragmented way of perceiving history as an expression or representation of forces on narrative-making as opposed to traditional linear understandings of history.

Artifacts: elements of discourse from a particular period that serve to supplement and subvert the master narrative.

Episteme: the underlying conditions of truth that define how a particular age views the world, thereby developing an accepted discourse that produces knowledge within a particular time and place. [Michel Foucault, The Order of Things (1966)]

Historical: reference to the linear, objective and progressive perspective of the way in which time is traditionally thought to unfold, in contrast to contemporary ahistorical perspectives of space and time.

Historical Afterlife: the continual ruination and reconfiguration of the past within the present, the meaning of any historical artifact or incident being an ongoing reconstitution and appropriation. [Walter Benjamin, “The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction” (1935)]

Master Narrative: a grand narrative told from a single cultural point-of-view which presumes to offer the only legitimate version of history, thus discounting marginalized versions that defy and subvert the privileged version. [Jean-François Lyotard, The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge (1979)]

Thick Description: the accumulation of seemingly insignificant details, conceptual structures, and meanings, as well as commentary and interpretations, that reveal a culture. [Clifford Geertz, Thick Description: Toward an Interpretive Theory of Culture (1973)]

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https://anyessayhelp.com/

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I need help quick please Humanities Assignment Help

I need help picking one of these short stories and writing a three page paper on it.

Instructions: Select one prompt on which to write a paper of no more than three pages in length. Submit the essay via the link on the ‘Assignments’ page of our Blackboard site. Stories may be found on Blackboard’s ‘Course Documents’ page: Margaret Atwood’s “Happy Endings”; A. S. Byatt’s “The Story of the Eldest Princess”; Karen Joy Fowler’s “The Elizabeth Complex”; Jeanne Wakatsuki Houston’s “Rock Garden”; Gabriel García Márquez’s “The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World”; Edith Wharton’s “Roman Fever.” Review the rubric on the ‘Assignments’ page to gain a better understanding of what is expected of this formal academic paper! Most importantly, remember that this is a class in critical theory: Be certain to explain, not simply define, and apply theoretical concepts within and throughout your paper! I would like you to use the story of the eldest princess I will give you the story after someone says they can do it because its on my phone i can’t post it until someone can help me.

  1. An interesting element of A. S. Byatt’s “The Story of the Eldest Princess” is that the princess realizes she’s in a fairy tale and understands the expectations of her role in that tale. In a sense, she is being ‘hailed’ by the fairy-tale structure. What are the forces that shape her ideology initially, that lead her to understand her subject position, and eventually what forces permit her to rethink that role and break the power of mythic expectation? How, ultimately, does she deconstruct our understanding of the fairy tale, of the quest motif, and of the moral we’ve come to expect at the end of fairy and folk tales?
  1. Joy Fowler’s “The Elizabeth Complex” is a postmodern labyrinth, with four historical “Elizabeths” fragmenting and melding so that by story’s end, we have an uncertain Elizabeth as our protagonist. Historical women: The two words work together and separately to offer you a narrative fabric to critique. How does Fowler subvert both history and the position of women in this story? Why does she use these four diverse “Elizabeths” to critique both the role of women and the role of history in this short story? How is Fowler’s entanglement of women’s roles a response to patriarchal oppression?
  1. Analyze the role of either Alida Slade or Grace Ansley (but not both) in Edith Wharton’s “Roman Fever.” As they reflect upon their lives, and upon each other, how has each become a constructed “subject” in their marriage? How much does each retain of an essential “self,” and how has a sense of “self” shaped who they now are? How, in essence, has the role or each woman been interpellated, based upon societal expectations, and how has patriarchy figured into this development? Be certain to draw upon specific examples and illustrations, explaining fully the connections you recognize.

the concepts that you can define in the paper are

AUTHORITY

Author: an individual who has created a particular text.

Author Function: a constructed social position devised as a function of discourse. [Michel Foucault, “What Is An Author?” (1969)]

Canon: a term referring to those literary works that are “privileged,” or given special status, by a culture; these are works we often tend to think of as “classics” or as “Great Books”—texts that are repeatedly printed in anthologies of literature and tend to reflect the culture’s dominant ideology.

Death of the Author: the acceptance of writing and creator being unrelated once the text is completed, and so biography of the creator and any intentions for the text ultimately are meaningless. [Roland Barthes, “The Death of the Author,” (1967)]

Discourse: ways of speaking that are bound by ideological, professional, cultural, political, or sociological communities—ways of thinking and talking about the world which promote specific kinds of power relations.

Ideology: a belief system that develops out of cultural conditioning—and which may be repressive or oppressive even as it is passed off as “the way it is” in the world; these interrelated ideas form a seemingly coherent view of the world.

Intentional Fallacy: concern for the author’s purpose in writing the work; to the New Critic, this way of determining the meaning and effectiveness of a work is erroneous because it is based on information outside the text. [W. K. Wimsatt & Monroe Beardsley, The Verbal Icon (1954)].

READING

Deferral: the inability to isolate a signifier as multiple possibilities always already exist. [Jacques Derrida, Différance (1968)]

Différance: the concept suggesting that words and signs can never fully summon forth what they intend to mean, but are always reliant upon additional words and signs from which they differ, demonstrating the instability of language. [Jacques Derrida, Différance (1968)]

Dissemination: the inability to isolate a signified, as multiple possibilities always already exist. [Jacques Derrida, Différance (1968)].

Horizon of Expectations: expectations likely on part of readers based upon understanding of genres, works, and languages; what they value and look for in a work [Robert Jauss, Literary History as a Challenge to Literary Theory (1967)].

Implied Reader: reader ‘created’ by the text, based upon necessary skills and qualities required for the text to have an intended effect [Wolfgang Iser, The Implied Reader (1972)]

Indeterminacies: uncertainties or ‘blanks’ within a text that must be filled in by the reader; indeterminacies exist wherever a reader perceives something to be missing between words, sentences, paragraphs, stanzas or chapters [Wolfgang Iser, “Indeterminacy and the Reader’s Resposne in Prose Fiction” (1971)].

Interpretive Communities: existence of multiple and diverse reading groups, each with specific reading goals and strategies, leading to the inevitability of multiple interpretations [Stanley Fish, “Interpreting the Variorum” (1976)].

Lisible (readerly text): a prescriptive text that attempts to dictate meaning to the reader, resulting in a “readable” text that brings “pleasure” while allowing the reader “consumption” of the material yet without challenging the reader as a subject. [Barthes, S/Z (1970)].

Scriptible (writerly text): an open text that allows for participation by the reader in determining meaning rather than prescriptively dictating meaning, thus allowing the reader to engage in a “writable” text that brings “bliss” (jouissance) while fracturing the subject-status of the reader. [Barthes, S/Z (1970)].

Signification: a representation or conveyance of meaning through the interaction of:

  • Sign: combination of signifier and signified, producing meaning;
  • Signifier: sound or script image used to represent a more abstract concept, the ‘signified’;
  • Signified: abstract idea being represented by the signifier, although meaning is recognizably arbitrary. [Ferdinand de Saussure, A Course on General Linguistics (1916)]

Subject: identity as defined by cultural and social practices; the person defined externally.

Transcendental Signified: the apparent meaning to which all signs point but to which they can never refer because of an inevitable gap between signifier and signified into which all meaning falls. [Jacques Derrida, Différance (1968)].

SUBJECTIVITY

Archetypes: inherited ideas and patterns such as universal and recurring images and motifs that exist in the collective unconscious and which appear in literature, art, fairy tales, dreams and rituals; they emerge in individuals through dreams, visions, and creative production. [Carl Gustav Jung]

Collective Unconscious: the unconscious mind derived from ancestral memory and experience, distinct from the personal unconscious, and common to all humankind. [Carl Gustav Jung, “The Structure of the Unconscious” (1916)]

Constructivist: belief in a personal and socio-cultural development of truth.

Electra Complex: the daughter’s unconscious desire for father’s attention, creating rivalry with mother for that attention, originally referred to as the “negative Oedipus complex.” [Sigmund Freud].

Essentialist: belief in the natural/biological certainty of truth.

Individuation: conscious realization of one’s unique psychological reality, including both strengths and limitations; it is ultimate maturation—discovery, acceptance, integration [Carl Gustav Jung].

Oedipal Complex: son’s unconscious desire for mother’s attention, creating rivalry with father for that attention [Freud].

Self: the individual untouched and untainted by cultural factors and influences; intrinsic nature of person.

Self-Defense Mechanisms: behaviors protecting us from unwanted emotions such as anger, guilt, fear, and anxiety, displayed in activities such as:

  • displacement—transference of feelings on unrelated thing/person;
  • repression—deliberate withdrawal of attention from disagreeable experience;
  • projection—one’s own unconscious quality/characteristic perceived and reacted to in another;
  • regression—retreat into childish tendencies governed by id impulses [Sigmund Freud].

Subject: identity as defined by cultural and social practices; the person defined externally.

Tripartite Model: division of individual psyche into three components:

  • Id—source of conscious desires and impulses;
  • Superego—conscience or moral guide, providing discipline and restraint;
  • Ego—mediation of inner self and external world to satisfy both ego and superego [Sigmund Freud, The Ego and the Id (1923)]

CULTURE

Binary Opposition: a concept suggesting how Western culture tends to think and express thoughts in terms of contrary pairs, leading to a privileging of one over the other, e.g., rich/poor, with rich privileged of the pair. [Jacques Derrida, Of Grammatology (1976)]

Commodification: a perception of objects or people for their exchange or sign-exchange value, determining a value the object or person holds in status, power, and worth”

Exchange Value: the value of an object or person in trade for money or other objects or persons.

Sign-Exchange Value: the value of an object or person for what the status or symbolic power it confers upon the owner.

Use Value: the physical value of an object or person for what it can do practically, functionally, or the need it can fulfill.

Culture: the sum of social patterns, traits, and products of a particular time or group of people; practices, habits, customs, beliefs and traditions that become institutions within that time and space, particular to that time and space.

False Consciousness: an ideology that appears of value but which actually serves the interests of those in power, offering the illusion of being part of the “natural order” of things, but they actually disguise and draw one’s attention from socio-economic conditions that limit, oppress, and deny the potential of the individual. [Friedrich Engels, “Letter to Mehring” (1893)].

Hegemony: the ‘spontaneous consent’ given by the masses to the imposed, formalized social practices of the dominant fundamental power, convincing the less powerful these behaviors are for their own good. [Antonio Gramsci, Prison Notebooks (c. 1927-35)]

Identity Politics: ideological formations that typically aim to secure the political freedom of a specific marginalized constituency within its larger context through assertion of power, reclamation of distinctive characteristics, and appropriation of signifiers that have been used to oppress or demean.

Interpellation: a process by which ideology constitutes subjected identity through institutions, discourses, and other social, cultural and familial factors:

situation precedes subject, ‘hailing’ the subject who is ‘always-already interpellated’

identities are produced by social forces rather than independent agency, constituted in Ideological State Apparatuses (schools, churches, families, and so on) and Repressive State Apparatuses (government, courts, police force, military). [Louis Althusser, “Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses” (1971)].

Othering: perceiving/treating a person or group of people as intrinsically different from and alien to oneself.

Paired Identities: in feminist critical theory, stereotypical good/bad roles: madonna/whore, angel/bitch, virgin/slut that appear routinely in patriarchal cultural constructs, denying to women a range of humanity.

Patriarchy: a term used by feminist critics who consider Western society to be “father-ruled,” that is, dominated and generally controlled by men upholding and promoting masculine “values” that, in turn, maintain men in positions of power.

Political Economy: recognition of political institutions, the political environment, and the economic system produce and distribute media for ideological aims and commercial profit.

Semiotics: the study of signs and sign systems and the way meaning is derived and determined from them on the part of the interpreter. [Charles Sanders Peirce, “Questions Concerning Certain Capacities Claimed for Man” (1868)]

Symbol: a sign that stands for or suggests something larger or more complex, usually a tangible item that represents an abstraction.

IDEOLOGY

Base: economics and acts of consumptive production, such as the means of production and the divisions of labor in employer-employee relations, that serve as support for the superstructure of social, political and ideological realities. [Karl Marx, A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy (1859)]

Conspicuous Consumption: the act of owning or displaying goods solely for their exchange value or sign-exchange value, or making overt charitable contributions, thus demonstrating social prestige through the display of superior socio-economic status. [Thorstein Veblen, The Theory of the Leisure Class: An Economic Study in the Evolution of Institutions (1899)]

Historical Conditions: ideological conditions that are a result of economic (material) circumstances which in turn shape the direction of those economic conditions; the writing of a literary text, for instance is in some part shaped by the events and circumstances that become enveloped in the narrative.

Material Conditions: economic conditions that give rise to ideological, social and political (historical) circumstances which in turn shape those socio-, historico-, and ideological conditions; while historical conditions are largely conceptual, material circumstances are concrete—that is, they are practical, pragmatic, and substantial elements which are part of everyday life, such as one’s house, money, car, and so on.

Political Unconscious: the concept that all texts are destabilized by their historical reality—that is, the text is a socially symbolic act, given its reliance on an historical language and material conditions that are, themselves, ideological acts of false consciousness. [Frederic Jameson, The Political Unconscious: Narrative as Socially Symbolic Act (1981)]

Superstructure: the social, political, and ideological realities that shape structures of power, cultural norms and expectations, and thus our identities, and which are founded upon the base, or economics. [Karl Marx, A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy (1859)]

HISTORY

Ahistorical: a web-like, subjective and fragmented way of perceiving history as an expression or representation of forces on narrative-making as opposed to traditional linear understandings of history.

Artifacts: elements of discourse from a particular period that serve to supplement and subvert the master narrative.

Episteme: the underlying conditions of truth that define how a particular age views the world, thereby developing an accepted discourse that produces knowledge within a particular time and place. [Michel Foucault, The Order of Things (1966)]

Historical: reference to the linear, objective and progressive perspective of the way in which time is traditionally thought to unfold, in contrast to contemporary ahistorical perspectives of space and time.

Historical Afterlife: the continual ruination and reconfiguration of the past within the present, the meaning of any historical artifact or incident being an ongoing reconstitution and appropriation. [Walter Benjamin, “The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction” (1935)]

Master Narrative: a grand narrative told from a single cultural point-of-view which presumes to offer the only legitimate version of history, thus discounting marginalized versions that defy and subvert the privileged version. [Jean-François Lyotard, The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge (1979)]

Thick Description: the accumulation of seemingly insignificant details, conceptual structures, and meanings, as well as commentary and interpretations, that reveal a culture. [Clifford Geertz, Thick Description: Toward an Interpretive Theory of Culture (1973)]

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