quiz on the mousetrap by agatha christie

What does Mrs. Boyle complain about at the beginning of the scene?

Question 1 options:

	That Mollie and Giles were new to running a guest house
	That Major Metcalf was being very unbecoming
	That Wren was a freak
	That it was too drafty in the house

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Question 2 (2 points)

Miss Casewell tells Mrs. Boyle she’ll be going back home, what is she waiting for?

Question 2 options:

	Her boat to come back
	Money for plane tickets
	The weather to cooperate
	To complete some business she needs to see to

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Question 3 (2 points)

What does Miss Casewell do to get rid of Mrs. Boyle?

Question 3 options:

	Made threats against her if she did not leave
	Glared at her in silence
	Cussed her out
	Turns up the radio repeatedly

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Question 4 (2 points)

The Ralstons receive a call in this scene, what is the call about?

Question 4 options:

	Their liquor license has been revoked
	The Police are sending a Sergeant out
	Their shipment of fire supplies has arrived
	There was an accident on their property

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Question 5 (2 points)

Who dies in this scene and how?

Question 5 options:

	Major Metcalf, he is hit in the head
	Mr. Wren, he is shot
	St. Trotter, he is stabbed
	Mrs. Boyle, she is strangled

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Module 4 – Case

DECISION TREE AND VALUE OF INFORMATION

Assignment Overview

Scenario: You are a consultant who works for the Diligent Consulting Group. You have learned about three different investment opportunities and need to decide which one is most lucrative. Following are the three investment options and their probabilities:

Option A: Real Estate development. This is a risky opportunity with the possibility of a high payoff, but also with no payoff at all. You have reviewed all of the possible data for the outcomes in the next 10 years and these are your estimates of the cash payoff and probabilities:

Required initial investment: $0.75 million

High NPV: $5 million, Pr = 0.5

Medium NPV: $2 million, Pr = 0.3

Low NPV: $0, Pr = 0.2

Option B: Retail franchise for Just Hats, a boutique-type store selling fashion hats for men and women. This also is a risky opportunity but less so than Option A. It has the potential for less risk of failure, but also a lower payoff. You have reviewed all of the possible data for the outcomes in the next 10 years and these are your estimates of the payoffs and probabilities:

Required initial investment: $0.55 million

High NPV: $3 million, Pr = 0.75

Medium NPV: $2 million, Pr = 0.15

Low NPV: $1 million, Pr = 0.1

Option C: High Yield Municipal Bonds. This option has low risk and is assumed to be a Certainty. So there is only one outcome with probability of 1.0:

Required initial investment: $0.75 million

NPV: $1.5 million, Pr = 1.0

Case Assignment

Develop an analysis of these three investments, and determine which of them you should choose. Be sure to account for cash paid for each of the three alternatives. If you do not recall how to do this, review the practice exercises in the Background page. Do your analysis in Excel using the Decision Tree add-in or SmartArt graphic, as suggested in the Background page.

Write a report to your private investment company and explain your analysis and your recommendations. Provide a rationale for your decision.

Upload both your written report and Excel file with the decision tree analysis to the case 4 Dropbox.

Assignment Expectations

Excel Analysis

Conduct accurate and complete Excel analysis using decision tree add-in.

Written Report

• Length requirements: 2–3 pages minimum (not including Cover and Reference pages)
• Provide a brief introduction to/background of the problem.
• Written analysis that supports Excel analysis and provides thorough discussion of assumptions, rationale, and logic used.
• Complete, meaningful, and accurate recommendation(s).
• Write clearly, simply, and logically. Use double-spaced, black Verdana or Times Roman font in 12 pt. type size.
• Have an introduction at the beginning to introduce the topics and use keywords as headings to organize the report.
• Avoid redundancy and general statements such as “All organizations exist to make a profit.” Make every sentence count.
• Paraphrase the facts using your own words and ideas, employing quotes sparingly. Quotes, if absolutely necessary, should rarely exceed five words.

Module 4 – Background

DECISION TREE AND VALUE OF INFORMATION

Required Reading

Introduction to Decision Trees

Consider the decision to choose between two different alternatives. Imagine that you have a decision where there are three, four or more choices. Then consider that you may have to estimate the probabilities of two or more future states for choice. How do you model this decision in such a way so that you can visualize it easily, analyze the data, get results, and then even make changes for sensitivity analysis? The answer is to use a Decision Tree (D-tree) model.

Let’s take a very simple, generic problem. You have two options to choose from, A and B. let’s say two different stocks choices. You determine that there are three basic outcomes: the market goes high, the market goes medium, and the market goes low. Given the research that you have done, here are the two possible investments and outcomes for a specific period of time, say a year:

Table 1: Possible investments and outcomes

	Option A			Option B
Market level	High	Medium	Low	High	Medium	Low
Probability	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.6	0.25	0.15
Payoff	10	6	2	8	4	3

You can do the calculations in Excel, like you did in module 2. But consider that you may have more complex problems. So using a D-tree is the best way to go. Here is the way this problem looks using a D-tree in Excel using the Simple Decision Tree tool.

The blue square denotes a decision node. A node is a place in the tree where this branches. You see two branches from the blue decision node. These represent the two choices. The choice on the top is labeled Option A and the bottom is Option B (keeping it generic). You could label these with specific names of the stocks. Each option shows the future states. In this example, we have determined that there are two completely separate futures, indicated by the fact that the probabilities are different. But each future has three possible states: high, medium, and low, which are based on the possible behavior of the market, depending on which stock you might buy. The green circle denotes an Uncertainty node. You see the three branches coming off each of these nodes. We have labeled these High, Medium, and Low for each uncertainty node corresponding to each choice of stock. We have entered the probabilities on each branch coming off the uncertainty node. For Option A you see the probabilities 0.4, 0.3, and 0.3 and the corresponding payoffs at the end of the branches, 10, 6, and 2. For Option B you see the probabilities 0.6, 0.25, and 0.15 and the corresponding payoffs at the end of the branches, 8, 4, and 3.

Once we have created the d-tree and entered the labels, the probabilities and the payoffs, the d-tree automatically calculates the best choice. Note that on the top branch you see the Expected Value of this choice is 6.4. The bottom branch shows the Expected Value of 6.25. You also see that on the top branch, there is this symbol >>> next to Option A, which means it is the preferred choice. Then next to the blue square, you see the value of 6.4 which is the value of the best choice, Option A.

You can change the numbers and do sensitivity analysis and play “what-if” games to test out different theories and scenarios. You can add branches to any node or delete branches from any node. Note that there are few “rules” when creating D-tree models, mostly which conform to probability theory. First, at the Choice node, you need to include all of the relevant choices, including the one, do nothing. We have done so here, but for a complete analysis, there is always the status quo or do nothing. Then each chance node must have branches that correspond to a set of mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive outcomes. Mutually exclusive means that only one of the outcomes can happen. In our example, for either stock, the market can only do one thing, go high, medium or low. Collectively exhaustive means that no other possibilities exist and one of the specified outcomes has to occur. While not a hard and fast rule, usually time is represented from Left to Right. First the Decision Maker chooses an option, then action takes place over time and ultimately one of the future states occurs. Of course in our model we represent all possible future states.

The following instructions on Decision Tree apply to Windows users. If you are a Mac user and do not have any access to a Windows PC, you may try one of the options below (please note that the first two options would incur additional costs):

1. Install Excel and third party add-in in Mac such as http://treeplan.com/trial/.
2. Install Parallels software (http://www.parallels.com/) to create a Windows virtual desktop in Mac;
3. Create the decision tree manually. You may use SmartArt Graphics in Office applications (Word, Excel and PowerPoint) to do decision trees. Refer to the following links on SmartArt Graphics:

Create a SmartArt graphic. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://support.office.com/en-US/article/Create-a-SmartArt-graphic-FAC94C93-500B-4A0A-97AF-124040594842

Learn more about SmartArt graphics. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://support.office.com/en-US/article/Learn-more-about-SmartArt-Graphics-6ea4fdb0-aa40-4fa9-9348-662d8af6ca2c

About SmartArt graphics in Office 2016 for Mac. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://support.office.com/en-US/article/About-SmartArt-graphics-in-Office-2016-for-Mac-607b1b23-435a-4bac-98b6-0c9ad0f4ef85

Download the Excel Add-in called SimpleDecisionTree_V1.4.xla and add it into your Excel.

Watch this video showing how to include an Add-in: http://permalink.fliqz.com/aspx/permalink.aspx?at=…

Watch this video showing how to use the Simple Decision Tree tool: http://permalink.fliqz.com/aspx/permalink.aspx?at=…

Practice creating a decision tree by using this example problem:

You have a choice of which game to play: flipping a coin or rolling a single die. It costs you $10 to play the game. If you choose the coin flip, you will win $15 for a heads, but will win only $3 for a tails. If you choose the die roll, you will win 3 times the amount showing on the die. For example, a 4 pays $12 and a 6 pays $18, while a 1 pays only $3.

Once you have created your d-tree for this problem, download this Excel file to check it: Decision Tree-Which Game to Play. Then you are ready for Case 4.

Deciding to use an Expert: the Value of Information

Wouldn’t it be nice if you could find an expert that could predict the future with 100% accuracy? (Imagine how rich this expert would be.) All you would have to do is pay this expert and he would tell you whether the future will go one way or the other, and then you would know what to do. Your decision would be easy. But that is a fantasy. Some experts are good at predicting the future and we can find out what their track record is.

For example, suppose you are in the last stages of product development of two similar product designs, a new smart phone. One smart phone has many new advanced features but will be very costly to produce and sell with a high price. The other smart phone has only a few new features and would be considered to be only average in its value and have only an average price on the market. We need to decide which one of these two smart phone options we are going to finish and take to market, but only one. We estimate the two possible future states of the market demand: the market will generally want a High Value, High Price smart phone (Pr = 0.4), or an Average Value, Average Price smart phone (Pr = 0.6). This is the decision tree for this decision including the payoffs.

You know an Expert that you can consult who has a good track record of predicting the future in these situations. This is the track record:

	Market behavior
Expert	High value	Avg Value
Says “wants high value”	0.85	0.08
Says “wants avg value”	0.15	0.92

When the Market actually is demanding High Value, the expert is correct (predicts “High value”) 85% of the time, and is wrong (predicts “Avg. value) 15% of the time. When the Market is actually demanding Avg. value, the expert is correct (predicts “Avg. value) 92% of the time, and is wrong (predicts “High value”) 15% of the time. We can also state these using conditional probability statements:

Pr( Expert Says “wants high value” | Market demand is High value) = 85%

Pr( Expert Says “wants avg value” | Market demand is High value) = 15%

Pr( Expert Says “wants high value” | Market demand is Avg value) = 8%

Pr( Expert Says “wants avg value” | Market demand is Avg value) = 92%

We are showing these probability statements because in a moment you will be asked to read an article that explains Bayes’ Theorem, which uses this kind of probability statements. Here is the modified decision tree if you were to consider consulting an Expert. Note that you have not yet consulted the expert, but are only considering it.

Aggregating multiple probability distributions: when using several experts, combine their distribution assessments into one for use by

In this scenario, with the consideration of consulting an expert, you do not know what he/she will say, and therefore these are unknown future states. He could say the market “wants High V” or “wants Avg V”. We need to determine these probabilities. And note that the probabilities of which actual future market will occur will be different depending on the expert’s prediction.

We need to use Bayes’ theorem to help us determine these new probabilities. Go to this website page which provides an easy to understand explanation of Bayes’ theorem using a medical example, testing for cancer: http://betterexplained.com/articles/an-intuitive-and-short-explanation-of-bayes-theorem/

Now that you have an understanding of Bayes’ Theorem and “flipping” the probabilities, here are the calculations for the smart phone example.

	0.4	0.6
	Market behavior
Expert	High value	Avg Value
Says “wants high value”	85%	8%
Says “wants avg value”	15%	92%

This is the expert’s track record. Multiply the probabilities (your estimates) of actual market behavior (0.4, and 0.6) down the column to get conditional probabilities.

	Expert
38.8%	Says “wants high value”	34.0%	4.8%
61.2%	Says “wants avg value”	6.0%	55.2%
100.0%

Then you add across to get the probabilities of what the expert might say:

Pr(Expert Says “wants high value”) = 38.8%

Pr( Expert Says “wants avg value”) = 61.2%

And added together these equal 100%, since the expert must say one or the other. Now calculate the conditional probabilities of the future states given what the expert says:

	Conditional
	Market behavior
Expert	High value	Avg Value
Says “wants high value”	87.6%	12.4%	100%
Says “wants avg value”	9.8%	90.2%	100%

For example, in the top row: 0.34 / 0.388 = 0.876, and 0.048 / 0.388 = 0.124. Now we can enter these probabilities into the decision tree and determine what the EVM payoff is for consulting the expert. If this EVM is higher than the EVM for not consulting the expert, then there is value in the information provided by the expert.

Finally, we need to decide if the value of this information is enough for us to pay for it. If this value is more than what the expert charges, then we should consult the expert.

Download the Excel file BUS520 Module 4 SLP Examples-Practice.xlsx that provides examples and a Practice Exercise.

Watch this video showing how to determine the value of information: http://permalink.fliqz.com/aspx/permalink.aspx?at=…

Practice determining the Value of Information; do the Practice Exercise in the Excel file.

You are ready for SLP 4.

Optional Reading

Charlesworth, D. (2013). Decision analysis for managers: A guide for making better personal and business decisions. New York, NY: Business Expert Press. Available in the Trident Online Library.

Rubric Name: MBA/MSHRM/MSL Case Grading Rubric -Timeliness v1

Criteria Level 4 – Excellent Level 3 – Proficient Level 2 – Developing Level 1 – Emerging Assignment-Driven Criteria 23 points Demonstrates mastery covering all key elements of the assignment in a substantive way. 20 points Demonstrates considerable proficiency covering all key elements of the assignment in a substantive way. 18 points Demonstrates partial proficiency covering all key elements of the assignment in a substantive way. 14 points Demonstrates limited or poor proficiency covering all key elements of the assignment in a substantive way. Critical Thinking 9 points Demonstrates mastery conceptualizing the problem. Multiple information sources, expert opinion, and assumptions are analyzed, synthesized, and critically evaluated. Logically consistent conclusions are presented with appropriate rationale. 8 points Demonstrates considerable proficiency conceptualizing the problem. Information sources and viewpoints of experts are proficiently analyzed and evaluated. Assumptions are clearly stated and supported, but may not be questioned. Conclusions are logical, but may be somewhat disconnected from the analysis. 7 points Demonstrates partial proficiency conceptualizing the problem. Information sources and viewpoints of experts are stated, but not necessarily synthesized, or critically evaluated. Assumptions are stated but not supported. Conclusions may be logical, but are not connected to or supported by the preceding analysis. 6 points Demonstrates limited or poor proficiency conceptualizing the problem. Information sources and viewpoints of experts are either absent or poorly analyzed, synthesized, and evaluated. Assumptions are implied, but not clearly stated. Conclusions are either absent or poorly conceived and unsupported. Business Writing 4 points Demonstrates mastery in written communication and a skilled, knowledgeable, and error-free presentation to an appropriately specialized audience. 3 points Demonstrates considerable proficiency in written communication with a well-organized presentation to an appropriately specialized audience. 2 points Demonstrate partial proficiency in written communication with few grammatical or syntax errors, but may lack headings or be pitched at the wrong audience. 1 point Demonstrates limited or poor ability to write clearly, and uses poor grammar and syntax. Text may be disorganized and rambling. Effective Use of Information 6 points Demonstrates mastery in locating relevant and quality sources of information, using strong and compelling content to support ideas, convey understanding of the topic, and shape the whole work. 5 points Demonstrates considerable proficiency in retrieving information, and in using appropriate and relevant content to support ideas, and convey understanding of the topic. Few arguments left unsupported. 4 points Demonstrates partial proficiency to retrieve information, but may not be able to discriminate quality. Uses relevant content to partially support ideas, but leaves many arguments unsupported. May use immaterial or disparate content in an attempt to support arguments. 3 points Demonstrates inability to retrieve information, or use appropriate or relevant content to support ideas, convey understanding of the topic and shape the whole work. Makes unsupported arguments and assertions. Citing Sources 3 points Demonstrates mastery using in-text citations of sources, proper format for quotations, and correctly format full source information in the reference list using APA style (bibliography). 2 points Demonstrates considerable proficiency using of in-text citations of sources, proper format for quotations, and provides sufficient source information in the reference list, though not in APA format (bibliography). 1 point Demonstrates occasional use of in-text citations of sources and provides partial reference information, such as a URL or web link (bibliography). 0 points Demonstrates inability to cite sources or provide a reference list (bibliography). Timeliness 5 points Assignment submitted on time or collaborated with professor for an approved extension on due date. 3 points Assignment submitted 1-2 days after module due date. 2 points Assignment submitted 3-4 days after module due date. 0 points Assignment submitted 5 or more days after module due date. Overall Score Level 4 45 or more Level 3 40 or more Level 2 35 or more Level 1 0 or more

Module 4 – SLP

DECISION TREE AND VALUE OF INFORMATION

Scenario: You are deciding among three investments, as you do for Case 4. You have heard of an expert who has a highly reliable “track record” in the correct identification of favorable vs. unfavorable market conditions. You are now considering whether to consult this “expert.” Therefore, you need to determine whether it would be worth paying the expert’s fee to get his prediction. You recognize that you need to do further analysis to determine the value of the information that the expert might provide.

In order to simplify the analysis, you have decided to look at two possible outcomes for each alternative (instead of three). You are interested in whether the market will be Favorable or Unfavorable, so you have collapsed the Medium and Low outcomes. Here are the three alternatives with their respective payoffs and probabilities.

Option A: Real estate development. This is a risky opportunity with the possibility of a high payoff, but also with no payoff at all. You have reviewed all of the possible data for the outcomes in the next 10 years and these are your estimates of the Net Present Value (NPV) of the payoffs and probabilities:

High/Favorable NPV: $7.5 million, Pr = 0.5

Unfavorable NPV: $2.0 million, Pr = 0.5

Option B: Retail franchise for Just Hats, a boutique-type store selling fashion hats for men and women. This also is a risky opportunity but less so than Option A. It has the potential for less risk of failure, but also a lower payoff. You have reviewed all of the possible data for the outcomes in the next 10 years and these are your estimates of the NPV of the payoffs and probabilities.

High/Favorable NPV: $4.5 million, Pr = 0.75

Unfavorable NPV: $2.5 million, Pr = 0.25

Option C: High Yield Municipal Bonds. This option has low risk and is assumed to be a Certainty. So there is only one outcome with probability of 1.0:

NPV: $2.25 million, Pr = 1.0

You have contacted the expert and received a letter stating his track record which you have checked out using several resources. Here is his stated track record:

	True State of the Market
Expert Prediction	Favorable	Unfavorable
Predicts “Favorable”	.9	.3
Predicts “Unfavorable”	.1	.7

You realize that this situation is a bit complicated since it requires the expert to analyze and predict the state of two different markets: the real estate market and the retail hat market. You think through the issues of probabilities and how to calculate the joint probabilities of both markets going up, both going down, or one up and the other down. Based on your original estimates of success, here are your calculations of the single probabilities and joint probabilities of the markets.

Probabilities	Favorable	Unfavorable
A: Real Estate	0.50	0.50
B: Just Hats	0.75	0.25

Joint Probabilities
A Fav, B Fav (A+, B+)	0.375
A Unf, B Unf (A-, B-)	0.125
A Fav, B Unf (A+, B-)	0.125
A Unf, B Fav (A-, B+)	0.375

Finally, after a great deal of analysis and calculation, you have determined the Posterior probabilities of Favorable and Unfavorable Markets for the Real Estate business and the boutique hat business.

		Real Estate		Just Hats
		F	U	F	U
0.45	says “F/F”	0.75	0.25	0.90	0.10
0.15	says “F/U”	0.75	0.25	0.30	0.70
0.30	says “U/F”	0.125	0.875	0.90	0.10
0.10	says “U/U”	0.125	0.875	0.30	0.70

For example, this table says that there is 45% chance that the expert will predict Favorable for both markets (F/F), and when he makes this prediction, there is a 75% chance that the Real Estate market will be favorable and 25% chance that it won’t, and also a 90% chance that the Hat market will be Favorable and 10% chance it won’t.

You have developed a Decision Tree showing the original collapsed solution and also showing an expanded Decision Tree for evaluating the value of the expert’s information. You need to enter the probabilities into this tree to see if the expert’s information will increase the overall expected value of your decision. Download the Excel file with the incomplete Decision Tree: Decision Tree for BUS520 SLP 4

Assignment

Complete the information in the Decision Tree in the Excel file. Determine the Expected NPV of the decision if you were to consult the Expert. Does use of the Expert increase the value of your analysis? If so, by how much?

Develop a PowerPoint presentation to your private investment company and explain your analysis and your recommendation. Provide clear rationale/ justification for your decision. Use audio/video feature in PowerPoint to present each slide. Be sure to check the Oral Communication Rubric (under Assessments>Rubrics) to understand the requirements for the PowerPoint presentation.

Upload both your PowerPoint presentation and Excel file with the Decision Tree analysis to the SLP 4 Dropbox.

SLP Assignment Expectations

Analysis

Conduct accurate and complete analysis in Excel. Check the following link on PowerPoint presentation:

https://support.office.com/en-US/article/PowerPoint-training-40e8c930-cb0b-40d8-82c4-bd53d3398787

Required:

• Meet Length requirements: 10-15 slides (not including Cover and Reference pages).
• Provide a brief introduction to/background of the problem.
• Show analysis that supports Excel analysis and provides thorough discussion of assumptions, rationale, and logic used.
• Offer meaningful and accurate recommendation(s).
• Oral presentation of each slide should use video/audio feature in PowerPoint.

Rubric Name: MBA/MSHRM/MSL Oral Communication SLP Grading Rubric v3

Criteria Level 4 – Excellent Level 3 – Proficient Level 2 – Developing Level 1 – Emerging Central Message & Language Choices 15 points Central message is compelling (precisely stated, appropriately repeated, memorable, and strongly supported). Language choices are imaginative, memorable, and compelling, and enhance the effectiveness of the presentation. Language in presentation is appropriate to audience. 11 points Central message is clear and consistent with the supporting material. Language choices are thoughtful and generally support the effectiveness of the presentation. Language in presentation is appropriate to audience. 9 points Central message is basically understandable but is not often repeated and is not memorable. Language choices are mundane and partially support the effectiveness of the presentation. Language in presentation is appropriate to audience. 7 points Central message can be deduced but is not explicitly stated in the presentation. Language choices are unclear and minimally support the effectiveness of the presentation. Language in presentation is not appropriate to audience. Organizational Pattern (specific introduction and conclusion, sequenced material within the body, and transitions) 5 points Demonstrates significant attention to organizational pattern within the presentation. 4 points Demonstrates adequate attention to organizational pattern within the presentation. 2 points Demonstrates some attention to organizational pattern within the presentation. 1 point Demonstrates very minimal or no attention to organizational pattern within the presentation. Supporting Materials (explanations, examples, illustrations, statistics, analogies, quotations from relevant authorities) 4 points Supporting materials are varied and make appropriate reference to information or analysis that significantly supports the presentation or establishes the presenter’s credibility and authority on the topic. 3 points Supporting materials make appropriate reference to information or analysis that generally supports the presentation or establishes the presenter’s credibility and authority on the topic. 2 points Supporting materials make appropriate reference to information or analysis that partially supports the presentation or establishes the presenter’s credibility and authority on the topic. 1 point Supporting materials are inefficient and make reference to information or analysis that minimally supports the presentation or establishes the presenter’s credibility and authority on the topic. Delivery Techniques (manner of delivery, vocal expressiveness, and how spoken information fits with visual media) 3 points Delivery techniques make the presentation compelling, and speaker appears polished and confident. 2 points Delivery techniques make the presentation interesting, and speaker appears comfortable. 1 point Delivery techniques make the presentation understandable, and speaker appears tentative. 0 points Delivery techniques detract from the understandability of the presentation, and speaker appears uncomfortable. Timeliness 3 points Assignment submitted on time or collaborated with professor for an approved extension on due date. 2 points Assignment submitted 1-2 days after module due date. 1 point Assignment submitted 3-4 days after module due date. 0 points Assignment submitted 5 or more days after module due date. Overall Score Level 4 27 or more Level 3 24 or more Level 2 21 or more Level 1 0 or more

a) Greenhouse gases-list major greenhouse gases and their percentage presence in earth atmosphere. List the name(s) of the satellite(s) sent by NASA/European Space Agency to earth orbit and how these satellites collect the info on greenhouse gases, what kind of data has been collected so far. Provide your opinion with supporting evidence on the sources of these greenhouse gases.

b) Greenhouse Effect-explain the physical principles behind Greenhouse Effect and its pros and coms. List the data collected over last 100 years on ocean, air, land temperature change vs increase of greenhouse gases in earth atmosphere. Give your opinions with supporting evidence on the relationship of the rising temperature with the increase of greenhouse gases in earth atmosphere.

c) Evidence of global climate change. Is climate change due to rising temperature of ocean, land and air?

d) Consequences of rising temperature (ocean, land and air) and its impact on environment and human society.

e) The core principles and measures of the Paris Agreement (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Agreement 链接到外部网站。). What kind of role USA would resume and what you could do slow down, or even reverse, this potentially devastating trend of global climate change.

he format requirements for this essay are: minimum of Four full pages of text; margin no more than 1″ on the top, bottom, left and right; single line space; size 12, font TIMES. Please include a list of references at the end of the essay (beyond PAGE No. 4). Graphs, photos and data tables are additional.

Choose a union with no less than 100,000 members. To assist you, here is an expansive list of options from which to choose.

1. Report on the union profile. How many members does the union have? How is the union’s organizational structure designed? In what industry(ies) does the union operate? How long has the union been in existence? Etc. (approximately 250 words for this section).

2. Report on a minimum of three (3) legal disputes in which the union has been involved in the last 10-15 years (approximately 250 words for each dispute). For each dispute, discuss:

a. Who were the parties?

b. What was the nature of the dispute (i.e. what was the conflict)?

c. Were any adverse actions taken by either the union (strikes, etc.) or the employer (ULPs, etc.)?

d. How was the dispute resolved (i.e. mediation, arbitration, litigation, etc.)?

e. What was the final outcome?

Submission Instructions:

This assignment should at a minimum contain 1,000 words of content (double spaced). Word count does not include headings, cover pages, references, or question text (if you choose to include it in your paper); I am looking for 1,000 words of substance. Your paper should be in APA format including a properly formatted cover page (abstracts are optional) and a reference page with at least three (3) NEW references (“new” here means references that you have not already used in previous assignments in this course). Providing additional references to your assignments demonstrates your desire to conduct additional research on the topic area, and can improve your research skills.

With all assignments, include properly formatted in-text citations within the body of your work for each of your listed references so the reader can ascertain your original thoughts or ideas as well as the portion of your work that is credited to credible sources. It is very important to identify work from other sources to ensure that proper credit is provided to researchers in the field.