BALANCE SHEET AND CASH FLOW STATEMENT

Purpose of Assignment:

The purpose of this assignment is for students to initiate and complete a comprehensive financial plan. The ultimate result will be a set of pro forma financial statements including an Income Statement, Balance Sheet, and Cash Flow Statement. The student will develop requisite assumptions about the dollar values to be budgeted. We will use the profit and loss statement you created in week four to create the first year balance sheet and cash flow statement for your company.

Assignment Steps:

Assume this is the first year of your business and use the week 4 profit and loss statement from year 1 for the purpose of creating your balance sheet and cash flow statement.

1. Create a properly formatted balance sheet addressing the instructor’s findings from previous class assignment by doing the following: Review the revenue and expense items based on comments made by the instructor, if any, from week four to best estimate realistic values for the balance sheet.
2. Create a properly formatted cash flow statement addressing the instructor’s findings from previous class assignment by doing the following: Review the revenue and expense items based on comments made by the instructor, if any, from week four to best estimate realistic values for the cash flow statement.
3. Conduct an internet search for or use an example located in the textbook as a template to create a properly formatted balance sheet and cash flow statement. I will also provide an example which was posted in class in week four and will repost in week five which shows all three financial statements with sample data and how they are connected and prepared.
4. Explain the order in which the financial statements are prepared and how they are connected.

Format assignment consistent with APA guidelines.

PEER RESPONSE 1

Reply to at least 2 of your classmates. Be constructive and professional in your responses.

Hello Professor & Class,

Discuss the top three sources for companies to borrow money from, for a new building purchase.

1. Crowdfunding – this is the method that is used to raise capital through resources like family, friends and possibly individual investors to finance a business
2. Angel Investors – a private investor who typically provides the financial backing for small businesses
3. Debt Capital – this is the debt that occurs when a business takes out a loan

What are the typical lending interest rates? The interest rate is typically based off the amount of loan that is being requested and can vary starting at 2% and above, though I do see 7% as a pretty standard rate.

What are the required collateral? Typically, collateral can be many things, the most common are houses, cars, any stock that’s available, bonds and current cash on hand

What are the repayment terms at each of the three sources?

1. Crowdfunding – You are not required to pay back money that is earned through crowdfunding, unless that is a personal agreement you made with a specific person
2. Angel Investors – they have ownership stake in the company, if the startup does well then you and th einvestor will both see the financial rewards. However, if the business is not successful typically an angel investor will not expect a pay back on the fund that were offered to you originally
3. Debt Capital – monthly payments that include interest, these terms are written within the agreement, you can pay more each month to reduce the time of th eloan or pay the minimum monthly fee until the loan is paid in full

Thank you,

Shannon Moore

PEER RESPONSE 2

Two of the the funding options that I am most familiar with are crowfunding and angel investors. Crowfunding is where you borrow a smaller amounts of money from large amounts of people. This takes the burden of having to have one or two donors funding a large amount. This manner of funding spreads the burden amongst a wider spread of people and not all on one or two.

Angel investors is another type of funding that I am familiar with.Angel investors are funders who have a high net worth that typically support start up companies. Angel investors usually do not require collateral, and the loan would not accumulate any interest which is very helpful to a start up company.

Another option would be a secure loan to cover the start up costs. A secured loan often requires collateral assets to protect the lender and ensure that the lender does not lose their investment. Secured loans can have a range of interest that would increase the financial obligation that the new business would have to pay.

WEEK 6 DISCUSSION

Respond to the following in a minimum of 175 words:

Organizational budgets assist businesses leaders with awareness of expenditures and managing resources. Businesses use a variety of budgets to measure their spending and develop effective strategies for maximizing their assets and revenues. Organizational budgets are generally designed to meet specific needs of the organization.

• Discuss the benefits that may be achieved by creating a business budget.
• Discuss the likely organizational problems that may arise from not creating a business budget.

Due Monday

Reply to at least 2 of your classmates. Be constructive and professional in your responses.

PEER RESPONSE 1

• Discuss the benefits that may be achieved by creating a business budget.

Having a business budeget can have mant benefits that can assit in a business. One example of a benefit of having a budget to allow for a firmm to have a set amount of revenue that will allow the establishement to have a resource that will allow a business to project the needs of a specific time period that will maintain daily operations and monitor the oppportunities in the marketplace that will allow for a business to increase its revenue through having cash on hand that will not intefere with the needs that are accounted for as far as what the compan will need in order to survive and what acess that is avaiable that will assist in achieving the needs and wants of the business . Another benefit of having a budget is to allow a firm to not overspend and be a more disiplined as well as efficeint in objectivity that will provide for more flexibility in order to make progress in the marketshare .

A Developmental Perspective

One of the best-known models of relational stages was developed by communication researcher Mark Knapp. It breaks the rise and fall of relationships into ten stages, contained in the two broad phases of “coming together” and “coming apart.” Other researchers have suggested that any model of relational communication ought to contain a third phase of relational maintenance—communication aimed at keeping relationships operating smoothly and satisfactorily (we’ll discuss relational maintenance in detail later in this chapter). Figure 9.1 shows how Knapp’s ten stages fit into this three-phase view of relational communication.

Figure 9.1Stages of Relational Development

This model seems most appropriate for describing communication between romantic partners, but in many respects it works well for other types of close relationships. As you read the following section, consider how the stages could describe a long-term friendship, a couple in love, or even business partners.

Looking at Diversity

Rakhi Singh and Rajesh Punn: A Modern Arranged Marriage

Photo by Rakhi Singh

My husband Raj and I are married because our parents thought we might be right for one another.

The term “arranged marriage” has different meaning for Indians today than it did in previous generations. My grandparents in a rural village were matched by their parents, and married at ages 12 and 13. They had little or no say in the matter. Their children—my parents—were also matched, but not until they were in college. After being introduced, they had a 3-hour meeting before deciding whether to go ahead with their engagement.

It was very different for Raj and me. Our parents back in India published profiles of each of us, and after reviewing possible candidates, they decided together that we might be a good match. They put us in touch, and from there it was up to us to decide whether we were right for one another.

Because we lived in the USA, we were a little resistant to this sort of matchmaking, but we were still willing to give it a try. Thankfully, our parents chose well: We hit it off, and after 18 months we married. Thirteen years and three kids later, we are very happy.

The notion of parents choosing prospective spouses may seem odd at first, but there are some reasons why the approach works as well as it does. Parents match people from similar backgrounds—cultural values, education, and age, for example. That can help insure a good fit. Also, knowing that the family approves takes away a big area of potential stress and conflict.

In some ways, parental matchmaking resembles computer dating. The searchers plug in the qualities they’re seeking, and out comes a list of people who fit the profile. I think the key variable is whether the parents are willing to limit their role to finding prospective partners, and to let their children make the final call.

Initiating

The goals in the first stage of a relationship are to show that you are interested in making contact and that you are the kind of person worth talking to. Communication during this initiating stage is usually brief, and it generally follows conventional formulas: handshakes, remarks about innocuous subjects like the weather, and friendly expressions. These kinds of behavior may seem superficial and meaningless, but they are a way of signaling that we’re interested in building some kind of relationship with the other person. They allow us to say without saying, “I’m a friendly person, and I’d like to get to know you.”

Initiating relationships—especially romantic ones—can be particularly difficult for people who are shy. Making contact via social media can be helpful in cases like this. One study of an online dating service found that participants who identified themselves as shy expressed a greater appreciation for the system’s anonymous, nonthreatening environment than did more outgoing users. The researchers found that many shy users employed the online service specifically to help overcome their inhibitions about initiating relationships in face-to-face settings. This helps explain why many young adults—shy or not—use social media sites such as Facebook to initiate relationships.

Keep in mind that initiating is the opening stage of all relationships, not just romantic ones. Friendships start here, and so do business partnerships. In fact, some have compared employment interviews to first dates because they have similar properties. As you read about the stages that follow, consider how the communication involved could be true of landing a job, connecting with a roommate, or joining an organization—as well as forming a romantic relationship.

Experimenting

After we have made contact with a new person, the next stage is to decide whether we are interested in pursuing the relationship further. This involves uncertainty reduction—the process of getting to know others by gaining more information about them. A usual part of uncertainty reduction is the search for common ground, and it involves the conversational basics such as “Where are you from?” or “What’s your major?” From there we look for other similarities: “You’re a runner, too? How many miles do you do a week?”

The hallmark of the experimenting stage is small talk. Even though we may dislike it, we tolerate the ordeal of small talk because it serves several functions. First, it is a useful way to find out what interests we share with the other person. It also provides a way to audition the other person—to help us decide whether a relationship is worth pursuing. In addition, small talk is a safe way to ease into a relationship. You haven’t risked much as you decide whether to proceed further.

For communicators who are interested in one another, the move from initiating to experimenting seems to occur even more rapidly online than in person. One study found that people who develop relationships via email begin asking questions about attitudes, opinions, and preferences more quickly than those engaged in face-to-face contact. It probably helps that emailers can’t see each other’s nonverbal reactions; they don’t have to worry about blushing, stammering, or looking away if they realize that they asked for too much information too quickly.

Social networking sites may change the nature of this stage of relational development. College students in one study said that experimenting in romantic relationships used to involve securing a person’s phone number; now it often involves a Facebook friend request. Once access is given, communicators can look over each other’s site, allowing them to “chug” rather than “sip” information about the other person. Photos and mutual friends are also important factors in deciding whether to continue developing a relationship. And of course, gathering this information online is less face-threatening (for both parties) than doing so in person.

Intensifying

In the intensifying stage, the kind of truly interpersonal relationship defined in Chapter 1 begins to develop. Several changes in communication patterns occur during intensifying. The expression of feelings toward the other becomes more common. Dating couples use a wide range of communication strategies to describe their feelings of attraction. About one-quarter of the time they express their feelings directly, openly discussing the state of the relationship. More often they use less direct methods of communication: spending an increasing amount of time together, asking for support from one another, doing favors for the partner, giving tokens of affection, hinting and flirting, expressing feelings nonverbally, getting to know the partner’s friends and family, and trying to look more physically attractive. In developing friendships, intensifying can include participating in shared activities, hanging out with mutual friends, or taking trips together.

The intensifying stage is usually a time of relational excitement and even euphoria. For romantic partners, it’s often filled with starstruck gazes, goosebumps, and daydreaming. As a result, it’s a stage that’s regularly depicted in movies and romance novels—after all, we love to watch lovers in love. The problem, of course, is that the stage doesn’t last forever. Sometimes romantic partners who stop feeling goosebumps begin to question whether they’re still in love. Although it’s possible that they’re not, it’s also possible that they’ve simply moved on to a different, less emotional stage in their relationship—integrating.

This remake of the 1986 rom com About Last Night traces the rise and decline of the relationship between Danny (Michael Ealy) and Debbie (Joy Bryant). The story illustrates the developmental model from initial attraction through emotional and physical intensifying into integration, and ultimately to the stages of coming apart. How closely have your relationships followed the stages in Knapp’s model?

Sony Pictures Releasing/Allstar

Integrating

As a relationship strengthens, the parties begin to take on an identity as a social unit. In romantic relationships, invitations begin to come addressed to the couple. Social circles merge. The partners begin to take on each other’s commitments: “Sure, we’ll spend Thanksgiving with your family.” Common property may begin to be designated—our apartment, our car, our song. Partners develop unique, ritualistic ways of behaving. Close friends may even begin to speak alike, using personal idioms and sentence patterns. In this sense, the integrating stage is a time when individuals give up some characteristics of their old selves and develop shared identities.

In contemporary relationships, integrating may include going “Facebook Official” (FBO) by declaring publically that the couple is “in a relationship.” Of course, problems can arise when one partner wants to be “FBO” and the other partner doesn’t. And the meaning of FBO can be different for each partner. One study found that in heterosexual relationships, women tend to perceive FBO declarations as involving more intensity and commitment than men do. As a result, women may connect FBO status with the rights and restrictions normally associated with bonding—a stage we’ll look at now.

Bonding

During the bonding stage, the parties make symbolic public gestures to show the world that their relationship exists. What constitutes a bonded, committed relationship isn’t always easy to define. Terms such as common-law, cohabitation, and life partners have been used to describe relationships that don’t have the full support of custom and law but still involve an implicit or explicit bond. Nonetheless, given the importance of bonding in validating relationships and taking them to another level, it’s not surprising that the gay and lesbian communities have fought hard to have legally sanctioned and recognized marriages.

For our purposes here, we’ll define bonded relationships as those involving a significant measure of public commitment. These can include engagement or marriage, sharing a residence, a public ceremony, or a written or verbal pledge. The key is that bonding is the culmination of a developed relationship—the “officializing” of a couple’s integration. We’ll talk more about the role of commitment in relationships in Chapter 10.

Bonding marks a turning point in a relationship. Up until now the relationship may have developed at a steady pace. Experimenting gradually moved into intensifying and then into integrating. Now, however, there is a spurt of commitment. The public display and declaration of exclusivity make this a distinct stage in the relationship.

Relationships don’t have to be romantic to achieve bonding. Consider, for example, the contracts that formalize a business partnership or the initiation ceremony in a fraternity or sorority. As one author notes, even friendships can achieve bonding with acts that “officialize” the relationship:

Some Western cultures have rituals to mark the progress of a friendship and to give it public legitimacy and form. In Germany, for example, there’s a small ceremony called Duzen, the name itself signifying the transformation in the relationship. The ritual calls for the two friends, each holding a glass of wine or beer, to entwine arms, thus bringing each other physically close, and to drink up after making a promise of eternal brotherhood with the word Bruderschaft. When it’s over, the friends will have passed from a relationship that requires the formal Sie mode of address to the familiar du.

Differentiating

Bonding is the peak of what Knapp calls the “coming together” phase of relational development, but people in even the most committed relationships need to assert their individual identities. This differentiating stage is the point where the “we” orientation that has developed shifts, and more “me” messages begin to occur. Instead of talking about “our” weekend plans, differentiating conversations focus on what “I” want to do. Relational issues that were once agreed upon (such as “You’ll be the breadwinner and I’ll manage the home”) may now become points of contention (“Why am I stuck at home when I have better career potential than you?”). The root of the term differentiating is the word different, suggesting that change plays an important role in this stage.

Differentiating is likely to occur when a relationship begins to experience the first, inevitable feelings of stress. This need for autonomy and change needn’t be a negative experience, however. People need to be individuals as well as parts of a relationship, and differentiation is a necessary step toward autonomy. Think, for instance, of young adults who want to forge their own unique lives and identity, even while maintaining their relationships with their parents. As Figure 9.1 illustrates, differentiating is often a part of normal relational maintenance, in which partners manage the inevitable changes that come their way. The key to successful differentiating is maintaining a commitment to the relationship while creating the space for being an individual as well. (This is a challenge that we will describe in more detail later in this chapter when we discuss dialectical tensions in relationships.)

Circumscribing

In the circumscribing stage, communication between members decreases in quantity and quality. Restrictions and restraints characterize this stage. Rather than discuss a disagreement (which requires energy on both sides), members opt for withdrawal—either mental (silence or daydreaming and fantasizing) or physical (people spend less time together). Circumscribing doesn’t involve total avoidance, which may come later. Rather, it involves a shrinking of interest and commitment—the opposite of what occurred in the integrating stage.

The word circumscribe comes from the Latin meaning “to draw circles around.” Distinctions that emerged in the differentiating stage become more clearly marked and labeled: “my friends” and “your friends”; “my bank account” and “your bank account”; “my room” and “your room.” As you’ll soon read, such distinctions can be markers of a healthy balance between individual and relational identity—between autonomy and connection. They become a problem when there are clearly more areas of separation than integration in a relationship, or when the areas of separation seriously limit interaction, such as “my vacation” and “your vacation.”

Stagnating

If circumscribing continues, the relationship enters the stagnating stage. The excitement of the intensifying stage is long gone, and the partners behave toward each other in old, familiar ways without much feeling. No growth occurs; relational boredom sets in. The relationship is a hollow shell of its former self. We see stagnation in many workers who have lost enthusiasm for their job, yet continue to go through the motions for years. The same sad event occurs for some couples who unenthusiastically have the same conversations, see the same people, and follow the same routines without any sense of joy or novelty.

Avoiding

When stagnation becomes too unpleasant, parties in a relationship begin to create physical distance between each other. This is the avoiding stage. Sometimes they do it indirectly under the guise of excuses (“I’ve been sick lately and can’t see you”); sometimes they do it directly (“Please don’t call me; I don’t want to see you now”). In either case, by this point the relationship’s future is in doubt.

The deterioration of a relationship from bonding through circumscribing, stagnating, and avoiding isn’t inevitable. One of the key differences between marriages that end in separation and those that are restored to their former intimacy is the communication that occurs when the partners are unsatisfied. Unsuccessful couples deal with their problems by avoidance, indirectness, and less involvement with each other. By contrast, couples who repair their relationship communicate much more directly. They confront each other with their concerns (sometimes with the assistance of a counselor) and spend time and effort negotiating solutions to their problems.

Terminating

Not all relationships end. Many career partnerships, friendships, and marriages last for a lifetime once they’ve been established. But many do deteriorate and reach the final stage of terminating. Characteristics of this stage include summary dialogues of where the relationship has gone and the desire to dissociate. The relationship may end with a cordial dinner, a note left on the kitchen table, a phone call, or a legal document. Depending on each person’s feelings, this stage can be quite short, or it may be drawn out over time.

PEARLS BEFORE SWINE © 2011 Stephan Pastis. Reprinted by permission of Universal Uclick for UFS. All rights reserved.

Relationships don’t always move toward termination in a straight line. Rather, they take a back-and-forth pattern, where the trend is toward dissolution. Regardless of how long it takes, termination doesn’t have to be totally negative. Understanding each other’s investments in the relationship and needs for personal growth may dilute the hard feelings. In fact, many relationships aren’t so much terminated as redefined. A divorced couple, for example, may find new, less intimate ways to relate to each other.

In romantic relationships, the best predictor of whether the parties will be friends after reaching the terminating stage is whether they were friends before their emotional involvement. The way the couple splits up also makes a difference. It’s no surprise to find that friendships are most possible when communication during the breakup is positive (expressions that there are no regrets for time spent together, other attempts to minimize hard feelings). When communication during termination is negative (being manipulative, complaining to third parties), friendships are less likely.

After termination, couples often engage in “grave-dressing”—retrospective attempts to explain why the relationship failed. The narrative each partner creates about “what went wrong” has an impact on how the couple will get along after their breakup (imagine the difference between saying and hearing “We just weren’t right for each other” versus “He was too selfish and immature for a committed relationship”).

Scholars have begun to investigate the role technology can play in relational termination. Thousands of respondents in one survey admitted they had broken up with someone via text message (men were far more likely than women to use this method). Obviously, breaking up this way runs the risk of wounding and infuriating the person being dumped (“He didn’t even have the guts to tell me to my face”) and lessens the likelihood of post-relationship goodwill. A different study found that those on the receiving end of a breakup via technology tended to have high levels of attachment anxiety—which might explain why their partners didn’t want to deliver the news in person.

Once a romantic relationship is over, it may be wise to take a break from being Facebook friends with an ex-partner. Checking up on your former sweetheart may reduce some uncertainty, but surveillance of an ex’s Facebook page is associated with greater distress over the breakup, more negative feelings, and lower personal growth.

Limitations of the Developmental Perspective

While Knapp’s model offers insights into relational stages, it doesn’t describe the ebb and flow of communication in every relationship. For instance, Knapp suggests that movement among stages is generally sequential, so that relationships typically progress from one stage to another in a predictable manner as they develop and deteriorate. One study found that many terminated friendships did follow a pattern similar to the one described by Knapp. However, several other patterns of development and deterioration were also identified. In other words, not all relationships begin, progress, decline, and end in the same linear fashion.

Pause and Reflect

Your Relational Stage

You can gain a clearer appreciation of the accuracy and value of relational stages by answering the following questions:

1. If you are in a relationship, describe its present stage and the behaviors that characterize your communication in this stage. Give specific examples to support your assessment.
2. Discuss the trend of the communication in terms of the stages described in this section. Are you likely to remain in the present stage, or do you anticipate movement to another stage? Which one? Explain your answer.
3. Describe your level of satisfaction with the answer to question 2. If you are satisfied, describe what you can do to increase the likelihood that the relationship will operate at the stage you described. If you are not satisfied, discuss what you can do to move the relationship toward a more satisfying stage.
4. Because both parties define a relationship, define your partner’s perspective. Would she or he say that the relationship is in the same stage as you described? If not, explain how your partner would describe it. What does your partner do to determine the stage at which your relationship operates? (Give specific examples.) How would you like your partner to behave in order to move the relationship to or maintain it at the stage you desire? What can you do to encourage your partner to behave in the way you desire?
5. Now consider a relationship (friendship or romance) you have been in that has terminated. How well does the Knapp model describe the development and decline of that relationship? If the model doesn’t match, develop a new model to illustrate your relationship’s pattern.

Use the StudyHub or Notebook App to keep a journal on this activity.

Finally, Knapp’s model suggests that a relationship exhibits only the most dominant traits of just one of the ten stages at any given time, but elements of other stages are usually present. For example, two lovers deep in the throes of integrating may still do their share of experimenting (“Wow, I never knew that about you!”) and have differentiating disagreements (“Nothing personal, but I need a weekend to myself”). Likewise, family members who spend most of their energy avoiding each other may have an occasional good spell in which their former closeness briefly intensifies. The notion that relationships can experience features of both “coming together” and “coming apart” at the same time is explored in the following section on relational dialectics.

For this week, you will be submitting the literature review section of your final paper for feedback. There is no explicit word count for this exercise, but you will need to fully develop and explain themes in your research that will provide background information for your topic. You will be typing this section in a Word document, but you do not need a cover page or page numbers. Just make sure that you are using APA formatting when you format in-text citations. You do not need a reference list either. We are just focusing on your writing.

• Remember that you are not writing about each of your sources separately as you did in the annotated bibliography. You are not focusing on each individual source. Instead, you are focusing on the themes and patterns in the research you have gathered that provide background information on your topic.
• Unlike the annotated bibliography, you are not only allowed but encouraged to use quotes or paraphrase your sources. There should be in-text citations in your writing.
• Even though your focus is to provide background information to your reader and this section is largely informative, you want to make sure that the sources do not speak for you. Paraphrasing and using quotes is absolutely appropriate, but please make sure that you are relying mostly on your own interpretation of the information. Most of your writing should still be your own and not totally dependent on your sources.

1000 MIN APA ;Please consider how you have developed the knowledge, skills, and attitudes that enable your achievement of the Course Goals listed in the syllabus.below

• Relate prior knowledge and experiences to specific problem-solving situations
• Assess the important strategic issues facing health care organizations
• Evaluate the types of strategic decisions made in health care organizations
• Engage in and manage a group decision-making process
• Analyze the health care environment, preparing a strategic plan appropriate for the environment
• Develop implementation plans for the accomplishment of the strategic plan, while maintaining strategic momentum of the organization

Then write a minimum of a 1000 word APA-style essay reflecting on how this course has helped you achieve these goals.