NURS 6051 Walden University Nursing Informatics Discussion Health Medical Assignment Help

NURS 6051 Walden University Nursing Informatics Discussion Health Medical Assignment Help. NURS 6051 Walden University Nursing Informatics Discussion Health Medical Assignment Help.


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The term “knowledge worker” was first coined by management consultant and author Peter Drucker in his book, The Landmarks of Tomorrow (1959). Drucker defined knowledge workers as high-level workers who apply theoretical and analytical knowledge, acquired through formal training, to develop products and services. Does this sound familiar?

Nurses are very much knowledge workers. What has changed since Drucker’s time are the ways that knowledge can be acquired. The volume of data that can now be generated and the tools used to access this data have evolved significantly in recent years and helped healthcare professionals (among many others) to assume the role of knowledge worker in new and powerful ways.

In this Assignment, you will consider the evolving role of the nurse leader and how this evolution has led nurse leaders to assume the role of knowledge worker. You will prepare a PowerPoint presentation with an infographic (graphic that visually represents information, data, or knowledge. Infographics are intended to present information quickly and clearly.) to educate others on the role of nurse as knowledge worker.

Reference: Drucker, P. (1959). The landmarks of tomorrow. New York, NY: HarperCollins Publishers.

To Prepare:

  • Review the concepts of informatics as presented in the Resources.
  • Reflect on the role of a nurse leader as a knowledge worker.
  • Consider how knowledge may be informed by data that is collected/accessed.

The Assignment:

  • Explain the concept of a knowledge worker.
  • Define and explain nursing informatics and highlight the role of a nurse leader as a knowledge worker.
  • Include one slide that visually represents the role of a nurse leader as knowledge worker.
  • Your PowerPoint should Include the hypothetical scenario you originally shared in the Discussion Forum. Include your examination of the data that you could use, how the data might be accessed/collected, and what knowledge might be derived from that data. Be sure to incorporate feedback received from your colleagues’ responses.

APA format. 5-6 slides. needs 3 sources plus two sources that I will provide.

https://serval.unil.ch/resource/serval:BIB_4A0FEA5…

Sweeney, J. (2017). Healthcare Informatics. Online Journal of Nursing Informatics, 21(1), 4–1.

The scenario used:

“The healthcare sector has witnessed massive evolution over the decades. The introduction of informatics in nursing has facilitated radical changes due to the advancement of technology, which has changed the way activities are performed (Rodney, 2016). Nurses are direct caregivers who often feel the impact of best practices changes than any other medical practitioner. According to reports from the Biomedical Health sciences assistant professor in Chicago, healthcare is currently facing imminent challenges of population aging and prevalence of chronic disease. However, data is one of the most effective solutions for addressing these problems. In the hospitals’ move, reducing the cost of their services and shifting to home care informatics is a significant factor.

Reports from the informatics forecasting agencies suggest that the medical sector is planning to facilitate virtual care services. In the last two decades, nursing informatics roles have taken many forms in focus and ways that have consistently defined practice scope. Moreover, the evolution is set to increase to unfold new healthcare paradigms, which will enhance connectivity between the patient and the nurses.

One of the importance of informatics in the nursing sector is to enhance accurate data collection. The latest health reports suggest that medication errors impact an estimate of about 1.5 million patients annually. Consider a scenario where a medical facility deals with prescription drugs to ill patients. Without proper records or standards, a medical practitioner stands a chance of making medical errors such as insufficient or wrong treatment of a particular behavior, injury, or disease. Health experts assert that the consequences of misdiagnosing a particular drug to the patient can substantially worsen the medical condition of the individual (Kennedy, 2017). Other mistakes include miscommunication between medical professionals and incorrect recording of patient data. This will have an impact on the patient’s wellbeing. In this scenario, health informatics can play a significant role in reducing the frequency of errors. Health informatics helps a great deal in in standardizing the administration of prescription drugs and in standardizing the tracking of diagnostic information. The implementation of digital systems is an effective solution that can be implemented to report and analyze diagnoses. This strategy helps in reducing medical errors, which poses a risk to the patient’s health. Pharmaceutical dispensing and barcoded systems also reduce mismatches between the patients’ identity and their respective medications.

In the nursing environment, medical practitioners work in temporary teams around patients. Proper coordination between the nurses and the patients is a key factor to avoid errors. Data is, therefore, necessary in the decision-making processes for the interest of patients (Sweeney, 2017). In the future, nursing informatics specialists will function in the context of virtual care delivery (Nagle et al., 2017). They will also be informed by data aggregated from an assortment of sources and real-time knowledge generation that will facilitate individualized care (Nagle et al., 2017). In the future, unknown challenges will be posed for nursing informatics using the concept of connected care to help in developing solutions for hypothesized scenarios (Nagle et al., 2017).

References

Kennedy, M. A. (2017). Innovation in transformative nursing leadership: nursing informatics competencies and roles. Nursing Leadership (Toronto, Ont.), 25(4), 14.

Rodney, P. (2016). The evolution of data-information-knowledge-wisdom in nursing informatics. Advances in nursing science, 39(1), E1-E18.

Sweeney, J. (2017). Healthcare Informatics. Online Journal of Nursing Informatics, 21(1), 4–1.

Nagle, L. M., Sermeus, W., Junger, A., & Bloomberg, L. S. (2017). Evolving Role of the Nursing Informatics Specialist. Forecasting Informatics Competencies for Nurses in the Future of Connected Health, 212.”

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Cuyamaca College Animals Wellfare Question Humanities Assignment Help

write a reflective 2 to 3-page essay about the project provided in MLA format about it. textbook (Gods of Jade and Shadow by Silvia Moreno-Garcia)

You’ve invested a lot of time and personal energy creating your final project for our class about heroes and superheroes.

Now, for your final essay, I’d like you to analyze your creative project and explain how it reflects the theme of our English 124 class.

  • In this essay, describe what your initial vision for the project was, your goals for the project, and the reasons your work is appropriate for addressing that vision and those goals.
  • In addition, drawing from specific quoted passages and/or detailed descriptions from your project, explain how your creation relates to the theme of the class.
  • How did you design your project to move your audience? Did you appeal to ethos, pathos, or logos? Did you use similes, metaphors, rhetorical questions, or antithesis? How did you use color, diction, images, allusions, or shapes, etc.?
  • Also include a self-evaluation of your work and discuss its overall success, while acknowledging any shortcomings that you would want to change or develop with more time.
  • Be sure to proofread your writing before submitting it for a final grade.

I hope you’ll find this a meaningful activity that will enable you to highlight your creativity and reflect on the theme of heroism.

I’ll look forward to reading your essay!

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University of Sunderland Teacher Training Specialized Skills Discussion Business Finance Assignment Help

Scenario:

You are recently appointed as lecturer to a new college that has the capacity to expand and bring transformation to life. A subject specialist is required to deliver and create motivation for the students. This is a good institution with a diverse class profile. This is your first contact in the new school, and the management staff is readily available to support you in all aspects of the school’s policy and expectations. You are responsible to demonstrate excellent subject knowledge and to deliver the course with respect to the quality assurance framework. You should be able to demonstrate creativity in your delivery. You also expected to assess the students to reflect their skill enhancement and development.

Note: You are required to review recent articles, books and other relevant literature. Wikipedia is strictly not allowed for references to answer any part of the task given. You must reflect practical understanding of each question and are required to provide candid academic references of any evidence you have in relation to the answer.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Task 1: Report

You are required to demonstrate understanding of the aims and philosophy of education and training in your specialist area. In order to do this, you are required to;

  1. Explain key aims of education and training in your own specialist area
  1. Analyze philosophical issues relating to education and training in your own specialist area

Task 2: Report

You are required to respond to the following questions with regards to qualifications and programmes in the subject areas;

  1. Describe the aims and structure of key qualifications in own specialist area
  1. Describe the aims and structure of learning programmes in own specialist area
  1. Explain how own approach to planning and preparation for the delivery of a learning programme in own specialist area enables its aims to be met

Task 3: Report

You should respond with the focus on relating inclusiveness and the curriculum in your subject area.

  1. Analyse the inclusiveness of own approach to the planning and preparation of a learning programme in own specialist area
  1. Explain how own approach to the planning and preparation of a learning programme in own specialist area takes account of key curriculum issues, including the role of new and emerging technologies

Task 4: Report

You are to demonstrate your understanding of how to use resources for inclusive teaching and learning in your specialist area.

  1. Analyse ways in which teaching and learning resources, including new and emerging technologies, meet the individual needs of learners in own specialist area
  1. Analyse the inclusiveness of own use of teaching and learning resources in a specialist area

Task 5: Report

You are to be able to show that you can work with others within a specialist area to develop your own practice.

  1. Liaise with others within a specialist area to develop own practice
  1. Review the impact of liaison with other teachers and trainers within own specialist area on own practice

Task 6 Report

Demonstrate your ability to evaluate, improve and update your own knowledge and skills in your specialist subject area.

________________________________________________________________________

6.1 Review the effectiveness of own knowledge and skills in a specialist area

6.2 Identify own strengths and areas for improvement in relation to practice in a specialist area

6.3 Identify opportunities to improve and update own knowledge and skills in a specialist area

Please note that: All these questions can be answered in a report that has the proposal, research and relevant well thought out findings and conclusions. In order to meet the requirement for the award of DET, a trainee teacher must be able to provide evidence of a minimum of eight assessed observations of practice that meet the required standard of practice.To be eligible for the award of credit for this unit it is recommended that learners have access teaching and learning environments either with groups of students or individual students to enable them to carry out the research. There is a need for learners extensively research and reference the sources very well using the Harvard referencing system.

Guidance

  • You are required to respond tasks and ensure you map your response to the assessment criteria.
  • You are allowed to choose any FE sector in the UK or use your own experience of teaching but you must get approval from concerned working sector
  • This assessment is designed to assess your achievement of all the Learning Outcomes and associated assessment criteria in the relevant unit of the qualification you are undertaking.
  • Your lecturer will advise you about the assignment structure, and the date when you must hand in your completed work.
  • You should make sure that you plan your work carefully, to ensure that you cover all the requirements of the assignment, and complete it within the time limit specified.
  • You must make sure that you acknowledge any sources you have used to complete this assignment, listing reference material and web sites used.
  • You must use Harvard referencing format throughout your work.

Learner declaration

I certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own. I have clearly referenced any sources used in the work. I understand that false declaration is a form of malpractice. I also declare that I shall be proactive against collusion, malpractice and plagiarism in all my work. All work that I shall submit shall be checked for plagiarism before submission.

Student signature: Date:

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George Mason University Weighted Average Cost of Capital Calculation Questions Business Finance Assignment Help

COST OF CAPITAL

Cost of Capital

Instructions

Answer the following questions in a separate document. Explain how you reached the answer or show your work if a mathematical calculation is needed, or both. Submit your assignment using the assignment link.

This course requires the use of Strayer Writing Standards. For assistance and information, please refer to the Strayer Writing Standards link in the left-hand menu of your course. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.

Please respond to the following:

  1. Bad Boys, Inc. is evaluating its cost of capital. Under consultation, Bad Boys, Inc. expects to issue new debt at par with a coupon rate of 8% and to issue new preferred stock with a $2.50 per share dividend at $25 a share. The common stock of Bad Boys, Inc. is currently selling for $20.00 a share. Bad Boys, Inc. expects to pay a dividend of $1.50 per share next year. An equity analyst foresees a growth in dividends at a rate of 5% per year. The Bad Boys, Inc. marginal tax rate is 35%. If Bad Boys, Inc. raises capital using 45% debt, 5% preferred stock, and 50% common stock, what is Bad Boys, Inc.’s cost of capital?
  2. If Bad Boys, Inc. raises capital using 30% debt, 5% preferred stock, and 65% common stock, what is Bad Boys, Inc.’s cost of capital?

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Chamberlain College of Nursing Math Aplication in Personal Finance Questions Business Finance Assignment Help

The use of complex math, including exponents, is instrumental in many fields. Exponents are used in scientific, financial, and economic applications. Such math is also used to solve problems and make predictions in your personal life as well. One important formula that requires the understanding of exponents is the present value formula. Present value, PV, is a widely used formula that calculates the present day value of an amount that is received at a future date.

The Present Value Formula is PV = FV/〖(1+r)〗^n ,where PV is the present value that will amount to FV dollars in n years at interest rate r compounded annually.

For the initial post, think of something you want or need that has a future cost between $5,000 and $90,0000. For example, maybe you want to save up for your child’s college education or maybe you want to save for a cabin on the lake. Assume you have an investment, which provides between 6% and 11% interest compounded annually, and you want to purchase your desired item in 15 years. What is the present value? In other words, how much money do you need to invest today?

Include the following in your discussion:

  1. State the FV or cost of the desired item in n = 15 years.
  2. State he interest rate, r, you will earn on your investment (use an annual rate between 6% and 11%).
  3. Set up the formula and solve for the present value, PV, showing all work

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NRS 440VN Grand Canyon University Leadership in Nursing Presentation Health Medical Assignment Help

3 – This is a Collaborative Learning Community (CLC) assignment.

The purpose of this assignment is to assess leadership styles, traits, and practices as a nursing professional, establish the importance of effective interprofessional communication as a leader in nursing, and to explore the role of servant leadership in nursing practice.

Read the study materials on leadership and complete the topic quiz activities to better understand your leadership qualities.

Upon completion, summarize and share with your group what you learned about your specific leadership qualities, so you can become familiar with how you are similar and different from your peers when it comes to being a leader.

As a group, review the study materials related to servant leadership. Using what you have learned about the tenets of servant leadership and traits and practices of successful leaders, create a 10-12 slide PowerPoint presentation with speaker notes. Add an additional slide for references at the end of your presentation.

Include the following in your presentation:

  • Each group member: Create a slide that summarizes your leadership style, traits, and practices.
  • Compare the personal leadership styles of your group members, including commonalities between group members’ strengths and weaknesses.
  • Explain why it is important for nursing professionals to be aware of their personal leadership style, traits, and practices.
  • Discuss what leadership traits and styles are necessary to be an effective communicator. Explain the importance of leaders adapting communication approaches when working interprofessionally (across ancillary departments, vendors, community members).
  • Discuss how nursing professionals can benefit from integrating the tenets of servant leadership to empower and influence others as they lead.
  • Discuss how leaders who practice servant leadership and have a strong understanding of their personal leadership traits can successfully lead others and navigate the unique challenges that are part of nursing and health care. Provide two examples that illustrate your main ideas.

You are required to cite to a minimum of three sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria and relevant to nursing practice.

Refer to the resource, “Creating Effective PowerPoint Presentations,” located in the Student Success Center, for additional guidance on completing this assignment in the appropriate style.

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

RUBRIC –

NRS 440VN Grand Canyon University Leadership in Nursing Presentation Health Medical Assignment Help[supanova_question]

ECON 201 Saudi Electronic University Production Possibility Curve Questions Economics Assignment Help

I’m working on a macro economics multi-part question and need support to help me learn.

  • Avoid plagiarism, the work should be in your own words, copying from students or other resources without proper referencing will result in ZERO marks. No exceptions.
  • All answered must be typed using Times New Roman (size 12, double-spaced) font. No pictures containing text will be accepted and will be considered plagiarism).
  • Using APA style reference

    Textbook & Learning Materials:

    • Mankiw, N. Gregory. Principles of Macroeconomics, 6th ed. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning, 2011. ISBN: 9780538453066 (hard copy); ISBN: 9781115468523 (eBook

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Truman State University Corporate Taxation Discussion Writing Assignment Help

Question 1

The tax disadvantages of the C corporation form of doing business include “double taxation.” What is meant by the term “double taxation” as used in this context?

Question 2

How does the use of a net capital loss differ for individual and corporate taxpayers?

Question 3

Discuss at least two reasons for making inter vivos (lifetime) gifts.

Question 4

What are the various levels of stock ownership by corporate shareholders for the dividends-received deduction (DRD)? What is the DRD% for each level of ownership?

Question 5

When computing corporate taxable income, what is the proper sequencing of deductions?

Question 6

Briefly discuss the reasons for establishing a trust.

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Florida State University Pathology and Medicine Discussion Science Assignment Help

In forming each of your replies, consider how your expectation of pathology differs from your classmates. Do you agree with them, or is this an area you feel you can expound on in a positive manner that may add to their understanding?

each post should be 250 word and it should bein APA format

first post

Pathology and Medicine

2/18/2021

The definition of pathology as described by The Merriam-Webster dictionary is “the study of the essential nature of diseases and especially of the structural and functional changes produced by them” (Dictionary by Merriam-Webster, 2021). The question that has been posed is what exactly does this mean, and how does it pertain to medicine? I believe that the most obvious connection between the definition and medicine is the link of diseases. Disease can plague many things, including, more specifically, humans. Diseases can cause changes, both structural and functional to the human body and medicine, works to learn to treat and, hopefully, rid the body of the disease.

In order to treat and rid the body of the disease, examinations are necessary of the affected area, whether it be tissues, organs, autopsies, etc. Pathology has been broken down into eight different areas, depending on the area of the body that the disease has affected (Robertson, 2019). The areas of pathology are, anatomical, clinical, chemical or biochemical, general, genetic, hematological, immunological, and microbiological (Robertson, 2019).

The definition of a pathologist as described by The Merriam-Webster dictionary is “a physician who interprets and diagnoses the changes caused by disease in tissues and body fluids” (Dictionary by Merriam-Webster, 2021). In contrast, the definition of a medical examiner as defined by The Merriam-Webster dictionary is “a usually appointed public officer whose duties are similar to those of a coroner but who is typically required to have specific medical training (as in pathology) and is qualified to conduct medical examinations and autopsies” (Dictionary by Merriam-Webster, 2021).

A pathologist is a medical professional, and often times obtains a medical degree (M.D. or D.O.) and who studies the science of diseases and the causes and treatment methods of the diseases (Study.com, 2020). A medical examiner is someone who also, similarly, obtains a medical degree (M.D. or D.O.) and solely investigate deaths that have occurred as well as do post death procedures (Study.com, 2020). Both professions are very similar; however, the differentiating factor is that pathologists typically are focused on present diseases and the future betterment of understanding the diseases in order to learn how to best treat them in the future (Study.com, 2020). Whereas, medical examiners, typically, focus on those who have already passed and are looking for an explanation of their disease/disorder and what may have caused their death (Study.com, 2020).

As a Christian, I believe that both a pathologist and a medical examiner serve those in need. Pathologists aid those in the future and those who are to be diagnosed with diseases. Medical examiners, I feel as though help the most to the remaining family members of the diseased rather than the diseased themselves. Their job helps to find a source to their loved one’s mortality and potentially aiding in their closure of their loss. Both I believe serve others in need and are very noble professions. These professions can be viewed as biblically as stated in 1 Peter 4:10, “as every man hath received the gift, even so minister the same one to another, as good stewards of the manifold grace of God” (King James Bible, 2021).

References

Dictionary by Merriam-Webster: America’s most-trusted online dictionary. (n.d.). Retrieved February 19, 2021, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/

King James Bible. (n.d.). Retrieved February 19, 2021, from https://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/1-Peter-4-10/

Robertson, S. (2019, February 27). What is pathology? Retrieved February 19, 2021, from https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Pathol…

Study.com. (2020, May 29). Retrieved February 19, 2021, from https://study.com/articles/difference_between_medi…

Second post

Pathology and Medicine

Pathology is at its simplest the study of diseases. This is really where we can visually see the marrying of science and medicine. We see pathology at every intersection of medicine. It is an important undergirding of patient care. We see pathology in diagnostic testing and this evidence can directly impact the treatment advice that we give to our patients that can directly impact a patient’s outcome from the condition or disease that they are suffering from. We also see pathology being at the forefront of the research that is advancing medicine and our understanding of the human body. Pathologists are also at the cutting edge fighting and treating such things as viruses, infections, and diseases like cancer, and even the virus that is still very prevalent in everyone’s minds, SARS-CoV-2 also known as COVID-19. The great thing about the field of pathology is that it is so multifaceted. It is a strong possibility that many of the doctors that you may have interfaced with at some point may have been a pathologist or cross-trained in pathology. This seems to be something that may be becoming more common in specialty practice to provide the greatest level of care to their patients. The fascinating thing is that pathology can be broken into a few areas of interest such as histology where they study tissues, cytology where they study how cells function, the way in which they look, and how they are ultimately formed. One of the other areas is forensic pathology which will look at an autopsy to ascertain the cause of death. Specifically, from a Christian worldview, I find pathology to be one of the fields that can so explicably show us God’s creation in action. I believe that this particular field of medicine also has the unfortunate aspect of being on the frontlines of seeing just how far the ramifications of original sin have caused issues to the world in which we live. I think as a Christian and wanting to see a change in our world that having an understanding of pathology is just another avenue that we can take to push back the darkness that we see in our world.

A medical examiner is going to be an official that has been trained in pathology techniques so that in the events of a death they can investigate it to ascertain what may be the cause of death in a situation that is suspicious or has no ascertainable cause that does not corroborate natural causes. Typically, the medical examiner will be a trained physician versus a corner that may not always be a trained physician. A pathologist is a trained physician that will be searching for the cause of a disease and illness in a patient. Based upon those two definitions the most notable difference between the two is that one deals with those that are no longer among us, the medical examiners, and another that is still seeking to try and save the living by trying to find a cause and cure before the patient is no longer with us. I believe just like the previously mentioned field that as a Christian it may be slightly easier to be a medical examiner being able to lean into your faith when you see some of the saddest things that can happen to people but will still be difficult none the less.

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Florida State University Treacher Collins Syndrome Discussion Science Assignment Help

Based on the Reading & Study materials for this module/week, reply to the reviews of at least 2 of your classmates by offering a critique of the animal model. If an animal model exists for this disease or disorder, critique whether it is a reasonable model of the disease (does it truly model the human condition?). If none exists, propose which organism you would select as a model and explain why. each reply should be 250 word

first post

Golgi body and I-cell disease

Golgi disorders do cause the malfunction of the secretory paths of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, protein secretion and synthesized packaging, such as I-cell disease, which is also known as mucolipidosis II. Lysosomes secreted is a result of Golgi body failure to phosphorylate properly and sort proteins in a required way thus causing I-cell disease. Yokoi et al. (2019) described that patients diagnosed with this disease they are familiar with facial and skeletal abnormalities characteristics.

Delivery and trafficking of proteins (lysosome) is prevented by lack of the 1-phosphotransferase and N-acetylgucosamine activity to reach endosome division via the mannose 6-phosphate receptor brought by deliveries in this syndrome. Lysosome proteins which are soluble are taken to a different pathway which causes the Trans Golgi to centralize its function on removal of MPR and cell. Singh et al. (2017) described the growth of cell pathology was as result of lysosomes being unable to degenerate different substrates of polysaccharides and lipids. Oligosaccharides, lipids, monopoly saccharides accumulation in cells that are affected is caused by hydrolases that’s due to inclusion of electron-lucent bodies. This impairment illustrates the failure to properly deliver the enzymes at the ordinary place of membrane depletion, the endocytic lysosome composition, with an abnormality in the entire array of endosome intracellular defects.

I-cell sickness may establish at birth as rough characteristics, organomegaly, retinal clouding, hypertonia, and chronic inflammation of the gingiva. Frequently, the weight and duration of the conception are all below normal. Lumbar gibbus, Kyphoscoliosis and limited mobility of the joints are always present, and hip dislocation, hernias, fractures or bilateral equinovaric disease – causing gene may appear. Dysostosis multiplex could be seen on radiographs (Wang, Mazrier, Rae, Raj & Giger, 2018). Severe psychomotor retardation, apparent at the age of 6 months, and gradual failure to thrive are present. Facial characteristics are soft with a big forehead, epicanthic folds, eyelids which are puffy, nasal bridge which is flat, macroglossia and nares which are anteverted. Linear growth slows and eventually stops completely the skeletal involvement during the first years of life, with increased joint immobility and claw hand defects. With bacterial illnesses, otitis media and cardiac involvement, complications are prevalent. During the first 5 years of life, death is caused by cardiorespiratory complications.

It is possible to produce an I-cell phenotype in other theoretical ways. In Trans-Golgi, the uncovering enzyme (N-acetyl glucosamine 1-phosphodiester alpha-N-acetyl glucosaminidases) must function to eliminate the residue of glucosamine that uncovers the composition of mannose 6-phosphate to reveal the specific target signal of mannose 6-phophate (Ramesh, Susitna, Leslie & Jayashree, 2017). A defect in the enzyme activity may result in an abnormality related to the classical I-cell illness, centered on the incapability of MPR to identify a 6-phosphate frequency targeting mannosis. This could give rise to a similar outcome to the cumulative MPR mutation that, as defined in an experimental animals below, results in an I-cell-like gene. Golgi-localized γ-containing ADP ribosylation key element proteins necessary for MPR mobility could be involved in other possible faults that lead to an I-cell-like trait. This can lead to similar pathologies because it is not able to distribute lysosome enzymes from trans-Golgi to the endosome lysosome system.

References

Singh, A., Prasad, R., Gupta, A. K., Sharma, A., Alves, S., Coutinho, M. F., … & Mishra, O. P. (2017). I Cell disease (mucolipidosis II alpha/beta): from screening to molecular diagnosis. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 84(2), 144-146.

Yokoi, A., Niida, Y., Kuroda, M., Imi-Hashida, Y., Toma, T., & Yachie, A. (2019). B-cell-specific accumulation of inclusion bodies loaded with HLA class II molecules in patients with mucolipidosis II (I-cell disease). Pediatric research, 86(1), 85-91.

Wang, P., Mazrier, H., Rae, J. C., Raj, K., & Giger, U. (2018). BMC veterinary research, 14(1), 1-8.

Ramesh, B., Susmitha, T., Leslie, L., & Jayashree, P. (2017). I-Cell Disease with GNPTAB Gene Mutation. International Journal of Pediatrics, 5(12), 6261-6265.

example of reply:I hope that all is well. Thank you for your discussion post. It was very informative. However, I don’t believe you specifically identified an animal that is used for this I-cell disease. While researching this disease, I read that an animal model that has been used for I-cell disease is short hair cats. The clinical features of the affected cat were very similar to human patients with I-cell disease. These clinical features include behavioral dullness, ataxia, dysostosis multiplex, and even early death (1). The affected cats with I-cell disease had retinal degeneration leading to blindness by the age of four months. This does not affect human patients.

Also, I researched the prevalence of I-cell disease because this is my first time hearing about this disease. The prevalence of this disease is about 1 in 100,000-400,000 (2). Therefore, this disease is rare. The symptoms of golgi-linked diseases are retardation, liver disease, and seizures. Overall, your discussion board post was very informative!

Good luck during these 8 weeks!

References:

1. Brooks D., Turner C., Muller V., Hopwood J.J., Meikle P. (2007) I-Cell Disease. In: Lysosomal Storage Disorders. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-70909-3_33

2. Edmiston, R., Wilkinson, S., Jones, S., Tylee, K., Broomfield, A., & Bruce, I. A. (2019). I-Cell Disease (Mucolipidosis II): A Case Series from a Tertiary Paediatric Centre Reviewing the Airway and Respiratory Consequences of the Disease. JIMD reports, 45, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/8904_2018_130

Second post:

Treacher Collins

Treacher Collins syndrome is a ribosomopathy-related disorder. It is caused by genetic mutations, which are most often de novo in nature. Signs such as craniofacial deformities such as an underdeveloped jaw, zygomatic arch, palate, and external and middle ear abnormalities characterize this disorder.

Also, a patient with Treacher Collins syndrome may present with downward slanted eyes. While the characteristics above are cosmetic, individuals with this disorder may suffer from hearing loss, dysphagia, and difficulty breathing, all secondary to the above deformations. In some cases, behavior abnormalities occur.

Individuals with cosmetic abnormalities alone usually will have the same life expectancy as an unaffected individual. Treacher Collins syndrome’s most severe effect is the potential for breathing and feeding challenges in the affected infant with an underdeveloped or malformed palate. However, in most countries, a plastic surgeon can reform the palate, eliminating the disease’s fatal features.

De novo genetic mutations specifically in the POLR1- genes cause the creation of faulty ribosomes. Ribosomes are responsible for transcribing RNA in conjunction with polymerases I and III. In functional ribosomes, this leads to protein synthesis within the cell and is directly related to cell generation and differentiation.

In Treacher Collins syndrome, abnormalities can be found in neural crest cells and Tp53-dependent neuroepithelial cells secondary to flawed production by the ribosomes. These two cell types are responsible for creating craniofacial bone and cartilage—amongst other responsibilities—during early fetal growth stages. When they are malformed, they lead to the symptoms seen in Treacher Collins syndrome: craniofacial deformations.

An interesting proposed treatment option is the intentional inhibition of Tp53 during embryonic growth to limit the neuroepithelial cells’ malformation. Tp53 inhibition may lead to reduced craniofacial deformities as the fetus develops features. However, Tp53 plays a role in tumor suppression. Therefore, if Tp53 were intentionally inhibited, the risk of tumor growth in the affected individual would increase exponentially. While Tp53 inhibition appears to be a reasonable Treacher Collins syndrome treatment method in theory, this method’s cons could prove to outweigh the pros.

A zebrafish model experiment was conducted by altering the POLR1B gene in one study, and in another, POLR1C and POLR1D genes were altered. In both studies, Treacher Collins syndrome symptoms appeared in the zebrafish. The pattern leads one to conclude that mutations of the POLR1 gene’s different subunits (i.e., A, C, D) typically lead to ribosomopathy, which causes Treacher Collins syndrome or similar disorders.

To summarize, Treacher Collins syndrome is characterized by many craniofacial abnormalities ranging from cosmetic-only ear deformity to life-threatening palate deformity. A plastic surgeon can reconstruct a deformed palate to improve life expectancy and improve facial appearance through the use of implants and fillers. The disorder is caused by POLR1A, POLR1C, or POLR1D mutation (confirmed by zebrafish model) that impairs ribosomes’ ability to create functional Tp53-dependent neuroepithelial and neural crest cells. The poor cell formation leads to the above deformations during fetal development. Tp53 inhibition is proposed as a treatment option; however, it may not come to fruition as this would also stop the vital tumor inhibition function of Tp53.

Bowen, M. E., & Attardi, L. D. (2019). The role of p53 in developmental syndromes. Journal of Molecular Cell Biology, 11(3), 200-211. 10.1093/jmcb/mjy087

Elodie Sanchez, MLT, Béryl Laplace-Builhé, Frédéric Tran Mau-Them, Eric Richard, Alice Goldenberg, Tomi L. Toler, MS, Thomas Guignard, Vincent Gatinois, PharmD, Marie Vincent, Catherine Blanchet, Anne Boland, Marie Thérèse Bihoreau, MLT, Jean-Francois Deleuze, Robert Olaso, Walton Nephi, . . . David Geneviève. (2020). POLR1B and neural crest cell anomalies in Treacher Collins syndrome type 4. Nature Publishing Group. 10.1038/s41436

Sayyadi, S., Moghadam, M. J., Mirkheshti, A., Memary, E., Abtahi, D., Salimi, S., & Tajbakhsh, A. (2018). Treacher Collins Syndrome; Anesthetic considerations and Molecular Findings. Journal of Cellular & Molecular Anesthesia, 3(1), 31-34. 10.22037/jcma.v3i1.19790

Treacher Collins syndrome. Medline Plus. https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/treacher-collins-syndrome/

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NURS 6051 Walden University Nursing Informatics Discussion Health Medical Assignment Help

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