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I’m working on a law discussion question and need an explanation to help me study.

please respond to the following 2 classmates with 250 words each, 1 reference and a BIBLICAL VIEWPOINT with a cited scripture.
Original Post (do not respond to this post just the classmates) : Topic: Forensic Identification, Profiling, and Predicting Violent Behaviors

Thread: In this discussion please address whether criminal profiling is effective.

Please specify cases in which profiling was effective or when it misled an investigation.

Make sure to include a discussion on the benefits and drawbacks of criminal profiling.

Include identification of the attributes of a successful criminal profiler and whether mental health professionals make good profilers.
1) Smith- Topic: Forensic Identification, Profiling, and Predicting Violent Behaviors

Include a discussion on the benefits and drawbacks of criminal profiling.

The Benefits of Criminal Profiling

Kocsis et al. (2004) state that the benefits of criminal profiling are that it can help law enforcement b saving time and resources by predicting behaviors and patterns from offenders. Criminal profiling also affords another option when there is little to no evidence at the crime scene.

The Drawbacks of Criminal Profiling

The drawbacks of criminal profiling, as stated by Kocsis et al. (2004), are the following: (1) Educated assumptions, (2) Adds information to a profiler and is not based on facts, (3) Relies on facts about a crime scene that is not factual, (4) Based on consistency, (5) Methods are limited, and (6) would sometimes employ unclear language

Identification and attributes of a successful criminal profiler

According to Petherick et al. (2012), the attributes of a successful criminal profiler include (1) critical thinking using logic and reasoning; (2) strong intuition and analytical skills; (3) emotional detachment; (4) understanding of criminal minds and psychology; (5) active listening with the ability to understand what is and isn’t said; (6) being able to offer reconstruction without evidence; (7) psychological testimony without foundation; and (8) a sympathetic/pro-law enforcement outlook.

A case in which profiling misled an investigation – A Case of Profiling Gone Wrong

In People v. Jennings (2011), Raymond Lee Jennings was convicted of the murder of Michelle O’Keefe in a Palmdale, California, parking lot where Jennings worked as a security guard. In 2000, Michelle O’Keefe, age 18 and a college student, died after bullets tore through her head and neck while sitting in her blue Mustang in a desolate park and ride that security officers patrolled.

A Los Angeles Times article entitled “How an ex-FBI profiler helped put an innocent man to prison” states not only did Jennings did not have a criminal record, but he served in Iraq with the National Guard. On the day of the murder, Jennings was with his friend distributing Christian music. Consequently, Jennings was arrested in 2005 even though there was no evidence found, i.e., blood or gunpowder, nor was any blood on his uniform. The victim had a male’s DNA under her fingernails, and it did not match his DNA.

A retired FBI profiler named “Safarik” helped to convict Jennings of the killing of Michelle O’Keefe. Safarik was retiring from the FBI but decided to look into the six-year-old murder case of O’Keefe before doing so. Safarik studied crime scene evidence, writing offender profiles in serial killing, sexual assault, and stalking cases for over a decade in Quantico, Virginia. Safarik testified in all three stages of the trial and was also the final witness for the prosecution. He explained to jurors that he had evaluated or studied approximately 4,000 crime scenes, had written numerous books and articles, and the cases were complex. He also expressed that “since he had reviewed many cases, seeing similarities in behavioral patterns” becomes “easy.”

Jennings maintained his innocence, but in 2010, he received a 40-to-life sentence in prison. At the urging of Jenning’s attorney, Mr. Ehrlich, the district attorney’s conviction review unit, began reexamining the case. By June 2016, prosecutors have convinced someone other than Jennings killed O’Keefe and requested that the judge release him from prison.

Two months later, Safarik withdrew his analysis, telling the court that he had relied on information from an incomplete investigation by L.A. County sheriff’s detectives. Had he known about its shortcomings, he wrote, “I would not have been able to formulate a reliable opinion.” Passes the buck

Jennings spent a decade in prison for a crime he did not comment on and was convicted on false criminal profiling evidence as a result.

Jennings was exonerated on these contributing factors: False or Misleading Forensic Evidence and Inadequate Legal Defense. In 2017, Jennings was awarded $538,440 from the State of California in compensation.

Word Count: 601

References

Kocsis, R.N. & Heller, G.Z. (2004). Believing is seeing II. Beliefs and perceptions of criminal psychological profiles. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol, 48(3), 313–329.

Los Angeles Times (2017) How an ex-FBI profiler helped put an innocent man behind bars. https://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-profiler-wrongful-conviction-20170720-htmlstory.html

The People v. Raymond Lee Jennings (2011). California Court of Appeal December 18, 2011; P. v. Jennings CA2/8. NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS. California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been approved for publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115. https://www.anylaw.com/case/the-people-v-raymond-lee-jennings/california-court-of-appeal/12-19-2011/h6QkSGYBTlTomsSBNHLm

Wayne A. Petherick, Brent E. Turvey, in Criminal Profiling (Fourth Edition), 2012

:2) Harris: There are many important aspects to the criminal justice system, but perhaps one of the newest and advanced aspects is criminal profiling. This is an investigative approach used by law enforcement in which they utilize details and evidence of a crime scene to identify a potential suspect (Costanzo & Krauss, 2018). This is used to link cases of similarity that may have been committed by the same perpetrator to apprehend that individual. It is also used to identify potential suspects, based on the similarities of other offenders’ crimes. Many offenders, especially serial killers, are prone to patterns and will likely repeat their crimes the same way each time. The effectiveness of criminal profiling can be argued from both ends. On one end, the people tasked with criminal profiling basically think as if they are professional killers. They analyze all of the evidence, research, and data there is on criminals and practically become them in their own mind. This gives an enormous amount of insight when it comes to thinking like a criminal and ways in which to catch them at their own game. However, there are also controversies surrounding the validity of criminal profiling. As research explains, criminal profiling is a forensic technique that allows the prediction of behavior, demographic characteristics, and personality patterns and traits from people who commit crimes (Ribeiro & Bento de Matos Soeira, 2021). This technique allows for better insight on what types of individuals will commit certain types of crimes, and while it has increasingly been used over the years, people are still not convinced that this is a valid method of profiling suspects (Ribeiro & Bento de Matos Soeira, 2021). In fact, research shows that the controversial reputation of criminal profiling is due to the low success rates in relation to the field work of offender profiling (Kappel, 2020). While criminal profiling has been used to catch some of the most dangerous criminals, it has not been successfully used to apprehend all criminals. It is important to note, however, that there is no proper way to assess the success of criminal profiling (Kappel, 2020). While there is much controversy surrounding the effectiveness of criminal profiling, this could very well be because of how newly developed the technique is.

Criminal profiling has many disparagers, but also many supporters. The drawbacks to criminal profiling is that the information in the profile may not be based on facts but more so past crimes. There is also a lot of room for interpretation, profiling relies on the facts of the crime scene that may not be true, it’s based on consistency which is not always accurate, and it is very specialized in that only the profiler knows what to look for so there is no one to question his or her decisions. The benefits to criminal profiling is that it can assist law enforcement when a case is at a standstill. It can also save time and money by predicting the behaviors and patterns of the offender to help prevent and catch them before too many crimes are committed by that offender. Criminal profiling also gives law enforcement another option when there is a lack of evidence at the crime scene. Bringing in these behavioral analysts who are trained on criminal behavior can be very beneficial and successful in that it forms a theory when there is no other evidence to go off of. While this form of criminal profiling began in the 1940s, it was not formalized until the 1970s when serial killers really became prevalent. Serial criminals are difficult to catch due to their high intelligence and disconnect from law enforcement, among other attributes, and that was the purpose of creating profilers. Criminal profiling was successfully used on at least four well known criminals which are: John Joubert, Ted Bundy, Jeffrey Dahmer and Edmund Kemper (Chase, 2018). By building each one of their psychological profiles, police were able to locate and apprehend these individuals. This shows that even though the method may not be effective every time, there are still success stories when using criminal profilers, and big ones at that.

Agent Robert Ressler, and his colleague John Douglas, were the men that developed psychological profiling at the FBI in the Behavioral Science, now Behavioral Analysis Unit in 1978. He coined the term “serial killer” and took credit for some of the most infamous serial killer arrests in American history. The attributes of a successful criminal profiler are having strong intuition and analytical abilities, being able to emotionally detach from the situation, an unbelievable ability to understand the criminal mind and psychology, be an active listener who can read body language and interpret behavior, be a critical thinker, remain unbiased and have a passion for your work. I do believe mental health professionals would make good profilers, to an extent, because they do have a good understanding of mental illness and de-escalation skills. While they are trained to sympathize with unexplained behavior, and while many serial killers’ psychological profiles consist of mental illness, there are other attributes that they would need to have alongside that training. Mental health professionals are trained to provide a therapeutic environment, but they also take an oath to report any dangerous behavior. Profilers’ jobs are to create a profile on what police should be looking for, and then help prevent their future victims from being harmed while also looking for them. Mental health professionals would be good at knowing what to look for and what attributes the criminal may have. The only downfall to using a mental health professional as a criminal profiler is that they have not been trained on the criminology aspect, and may be too sympathetic towards the criminal. However, if they were trained to see them as criminals and utilize their knowledge of mental illness to create such profiles, then they would be beneficial profilers to use in law enforcement.

References

Chase, J. (2018, February 3). FBI Profiling of Serial Killers: 3 Notorious Cases. Author Jennifer

Chase.

Costanzo, M., & Krauss, D. (2018). Forensic and Legal Psychology: Psychological Science

Applied to Law, 3rd ed. Worth Publishers, Inc. ISBN: 9781319060312.

Kappel, C. (2020). What is criminal profiling anno 2020: A short communication. Social

Behavior Research and Practice, 5(1), 19-22.

Ribeiro, R. A. B. & Bento de Matos Soeiro, B. (2021). Analysis of criminal profiling validity:

Underlying problems and future directions. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry,

74.

I’m working on a management project and need an explanation to help me learn.

SCENARIO

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You have been hired as a software development manager for a large online retail company. You manage a team of developers who maintain the application programming interface (API) used to interact with your company’s e-commerce data. The company currently hosts the API at an offsite data center that houses several servers. The site is fully staffed 24 hours a day to ensure uninterrupted service to your customers. The company API has expanded over the last year, and in turn, data center maintenance and expansion costs have sharply increased.

The executive team had tasked the former manager to research cloud-based systems to see if such a migration would solve the growing data center costs (e.g., salaries, updating of servers, real estate). The former manager created an ineffective presentation to communicate the findings to the whole company. You will write a critique explaining how or why the presentation is not appropriate for all employees to see.

You will then need to research cloud-based alternatives for the API and determine what kind of technical communication deliverable would be most effective to communicate your findings to each stakeholder audience so they understand how they may be affected.

ASSIGNMENT REQUIREMENT:

Total 4 word documents – Each document should be 1.5 page or more

Document 1: Leadership Deliverables (1.5 Page)

Document 2: Employee Deliverables (1.5 Page)

Document 3: Customer Deliverables with Graphics (1.5 Page)

Document 4: Justification of all the above deliverables (1.5 Page)

Note: Do not try to write essays or informational paragraphs that is not the task. Please read the scenario carefully, to each document assignment what are steps need to added are mentioned below. Kindly follow that and complete the assignment. Do not write the irrelevant information

No plagiarism/Spinbot/Synonymical words please

Support your work with proper references and in-text citations as needed

Part one: Technical Communication Deliverables

A. Create a technical communication deliverable for company leadership that explains both the financial and functional advantages of migrating the API from the current data center to a cloud-based system.

Steps to success and should include in the paper: (1.5 Page)

Focus on your audience’s needs and expectations.

What is your purpose? Keep this in mind as you are developing the communication.

Decide on a suitable document format given that analysis.

Use the data provided in the scenario to deliver the appropriate information (in the appropriate format) for the specific audience.

Edit and proofread your document.

Document all of the decisions above for use in Part Two of the Task.

B. Create a technical communication deliverable for all company employees that summarizes the cloud migration project, the innovative technologies involved, and the plans for informational or training sessions for employees.

Steps to success and should include in the paper (1.5 Page)

Focus on your audience’s needs and expectations.

What is your purpose? Keep this in mind as you are developing the communication.

Decide on a suitable document format given that analysis.

Use the data provided in the scenario to deliver the appropriate information (in the appropriate format) for the specific audience.

Edit and proofread your document.

Document all of the decisions above for use in Part Two of the Task.

C. Create a technical communication deliverable with graphics that support audience comprehension, for current and potential customers that explains the customer experience benefits that will come from the cloud migration.

Steps to success and should include in the paper: (1.5 Page)

Focus on your audience’s needs and expectations.

Think about your purpose.

Decide on a suitable document format given that analysis.

Use the data provided in the scenario to deliver the appropriate information (in the appropriate format) for the specific audience.

Create graphic(s) focusing on the audience and purpose of the communication.

Insert graphic in document.

Edit and proofread your document.

Document all of the decisions above for use in Part one of the Task.

Part Two: Deliverable Justification (1.5 Page)

This should be a Word document and all sections of Part Three as single document.

1. Justify how the content, structure, and design principles used in the company leadership deliverable meet the specific needs of the audience.
2. Justify how the content, structure, and design principles used in the company employee deliverable meet the specific needs of the audience.
3. Justify how the content, structure, and design principles used in the customer deliverable meet the specific needs of the audience.
4. Acknowledge sources, using in-text citations and references, for content that is quoted, paraphrased, or summarized.
5. Demonstrate professional communication in the content and presentation of your submission.

Steps to success and should include in the paper:

This is not an essay so please do not use an essay format.

Use headers to mark each rubric requirement (example: “A: Company Leadership Deliverable Justification”)

Use specific examples from your work on audience analysis to aid your justifications.

Sources need to be in APA format. If you did not use sources, you do not have to include this section.

Edit and proofread your document.

I’m working on a research & summaries question and need a sample draft to help me understand better.

I’m working on a research & summaries writing question and need a sample draft to help me understand better.

Use one of the two new academic articles you used in your Module 7 assignment for this assignment, selecting the one that is most relevant to your interests and future work. (Attached) You are to rewrite the paper in your own voice focusing on the single most relevant aspect of the paper to your interests and supporting that aspect using the provided statistics. Your work should be roughly 3000 words in length. Make sure to cite and reference 5 scholarly sources using the APA writing style. Include a cover page and a reference page, which do not count towards the minimum word limit. Be sure to address each of the following:

• Write a totally new introduction using your interests and motivation and not those of the original author.
• Establish a new question/hypothesis based on your interest, which should be a subset of the original author’s or different from it. In either case, the statistical study and the provided data must be able to support and answer the question or address the hypothesis (you may also augment the data with additional sources, if you would like).
• Summarize in your own words, augmenting if needed, the prior literature and its relevance.
• Summarize in your own words, the research method used, the statistical methods employed, the result obtained, and their significance. Be sure this section is focused on your question/hypothesis and not that of the original author.
• Write a totally new conclusion and reflection based on your question/hypothesis and experience and not that of the original author.

I’m working on a psychology writing question and need support to help me study.

Your task will be to debate different theories of gender development.

To do this, submit a transcript of a mock debate (or one that you may have overheard) between two psychologists who have primary interest in gender development but belong to different schools of thought, and show the two viewpoints. You can use any two perspectives you are interested in. Remember that social scientists love to talk about their subject; they rarely answer questions with yes/no answers. And they tend to interrupt each other to prove their point.

The transcript could look something like this:

Discussion Moderator introduces the speakers.

Audience Question:

Answer Dr. X: …

Answer Prof. Y: …

Interaction between scientists if warranted

Moderator will conclude a discussion with giving the summary of the theories discussed.

Be sure to have a minimum of 5 questions that are in the debate. The transcript should conclude with a brief reflection of your own take on the topic discussed.

Length: 5-7 pages

References: Include a minimum of 5 scholarly resources

Your paper should demonstrate thoughtful consideration of the ideas and concepts presented in the course and provide new thoughts and insights relating directly to this topic. Your response should reflect scholarly graduate level writing and current APA standards.