Instructions: You have 60 minutes to answer three questions. Please prepare your answers in a separate Word document. Answer Question 2 from Group A , and two questions from Group B. In your answer, not the number of the question you have chosen. It is suggested that you take a few minutes to plan and outline each answer on a piece of scratch paper. Spend approximately one-third of your time (40 minutes) on each question. When asked to DESCRIBE concepts, identify and define any relevant terms, and use substantive examples where appropriate. Please do not plagiarize.

Group A

Question 2
The news media acts as a “watchdog” in the democratic process. Citizens rely on accurate news reporting so that they can hold elected government officials accountable when they act in ways that go against the public will.

(a.) Describe EACH of the following news norms:

• Neutrality
• Official sources
• Accuracy
• Newsbeats
• Newsworthiness
• “Horse race” journalism

(b.) Describe EACH of these forms of journalism. Of these three, which is most likely to adhere to the above news norms?

• Traditional journalism
• Advocacy journalism
• Tabloid journalism

(c.) Describe ONE critique that a participatory democratic theorist would bring to news norms.

Group B(select two)

Question 3
In June 2019, Los Angeles City citizens were asked to vote on Measure EE. Measure EE proposed to raise an estimated $500 million per year to support the Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD) in response to labor grievances highlighted during the LAUSD teachers strike during the previous January. To end the strike, LA City officials agreed to a 6% pay raise for teachers, reduced class sizes, and promised to hire more nurses and librarians to meet the needs of understaffed schools, leaving them with the challenge of finding $403 million to pay for the plan. Had it passed, Measure EE would have met this budgetary shortfall by levying a property tax of 16 cents per square foot of indoor space, in addition to already existing property taxes. Much to the disappointment of its supporters, Measure EE failed to get the two-thirds majority it needed to pass, earning only 45% of the city-wide vote.

(a.) Describe EACH of the two fundamental values that influence public opinion:

• Egalitarianism
• Individualism

(b.) Describe how political scientists have measured egalitarianism and individualism.

(c.) Would a voter who possesses egalitarian values be more likely to support Measure EE, or more likely to vote it down? Explain why.

(d.) Would a voter who possesses individualist values be more likely to support Measure EE, or more likely to vote it down? Explain why.

Question 4
Clawson and Oxley (2017) write, “Among citizens, the average Republican and average Democrat may not be all that different, but their differences stem from deep-seated understandings of right and wrong, making American politics seem quite polarized.” Political science research has found that people’s understanding of right and wrong is determined by whether they possess an authoritarian or non-authoritarian personality.

(a.) Describe the “Authoritarian Personality.”

(b.) According to the political science research, what role does the family play in cultivating the authoritarian personality?

(c.) What kinds of policies do people with authoritarian personalities support?

(d.) In what ways to libertarians differ from authoritarians?

(e.) Describe the effect of normative threats on citizens with authoritarian predispositions.

Question 5
Political science research has found that sometimes elected officials pay attention to what the public wants, and other times they ignore the public, relying instead on their own judgement and expertise when making policy decisions.

(a.) Describe the concept of popular sovereignty.

(b.) Describe the stances of EACH theoretical perspective on the question of how closely public opinion should mirror policy outcomes (or, to what degree should government officials follow public opinion when it comes to the policies they create?)

• Participatory Democratic Theory
• Pluralist Democratic Theory
• Elite Democratic Theory

(c.) What evidence do we have (by way of political science research) that shows elected officials pay attention to public opinion?

(d.) What evidence do we have that shows public opinion does not matter as much as some say it does?

(e.) Do all citizens have equal influence on policy outcomes?

Watch this https://www.screencast.com/t/slE4Fy6N

Use the Practice Tests rubric as a guide to help with the Final Portfolio.

Practice Tests for the portfolio:

Reflection: Reflect on this learning strategy (1/2 page reflection)

Example 1: The edited copy of the Practice Test you have already turned in. Look at the feedback provided to make revisions.

Example 2: New example of a Practice test (Two pages)

– Page 1: Create six multiple choice questions with four answer choices (A-D)

-Page 2: Copy and Past what you have on Page 1, onto Page 2

– For each question, indicate the level (2 remember, 2 understand, 2 apply). You need two questions of each level

– Bold the correct answer

– For each answer choice, explain why it is correct or incorrect

Discussion Prompt 1

Life Expectancy: What Does It Take to Live a Long Life?

According to the CDC, the current average life expectancy is 78.7 years old. Although there are some who live much longer, even up to 120 years. In your opinion, what factors contribute to those who live well beyond the average age? Consider lifelong healthcare regiments, attitudes, and behaviors. Are these factors in agreement with what psychologists find to be common in centenarians? Support your reasoning with information from the text and other course materials.

Discussion Prompt 2

Socioemotional Selectivity Theory

Psychologists claim that those in late adulthood are more selective about the company they keep because they are less willing to invest in relationships with emotional risk and they place a higher value on emotional satisfaction. Do you feel this a valuable way to approach social relationships? Why or why not? Could this approach be useful in other periods of development? If so, how? Support your reasoning with information from the text and other course materials.

Learning Objectives Covered

1. Define the importance of designing a logo and corporate identity for a variety of formats and delivery platforms

Background

As has been noted throughout this course, although the design of a
logo is a key element in communicating the values and character of a
company to a wider audience, a comprehensive identity system, and
structure backing up the logo is equally important to ensure that the
company presents a consistent image through a variety of elements.
Whether on a store, a restaurant, or a sign, an audience will always
encounter a logo within the context of something larger thus it is vital
to provide clear direction to keep the visual experience cohesive.
Consistency is at the heart of identity systems.

Corporate identity systems became widespread in the latter part of
the twentieth century. As corporations began to diversify the scope of
their services, it became important to find a way to visually represent
and translate the look and feel of the parent company over a variety of
diverse elements. Today a corporate identity system is developed soon
after the development of a logo. In addition to considering how physical
artifacts (vehicles, clothing, packaging, etc.) might embrace and
extend the look of the logo, it is beneficial to consider how the logo
should be extended digitally (websites, social media, apps, etc.).
Though developing an identity system creates another step in the design
process, ultimately it is beneficial because it ensures that the company
image remains strong and unique.

Prompt

For this discussion, imagine you have been hired to create a logo for
a fishing and boat rental business. At your first meeting, they reveal
that in addition to leading guided fishing trips and renting boats they
also have dinner cruises, own a boat storage facility, operate three
bait and tackle shops, and are in the final stages of developing their
own line of nautical rain gear and outerwear. When you ask them if all
of these different businesses relate somehow visually they respond by
saying that they never really thought about establishing a cohesive
identity and inquire more about what might be involved.

After learning all you have this mod regarding logo and identity
design, how might you respond to this client regarding the importance of
establishing a cohesive identity? What are the benefits for them in
having not just a logo but also a whole identity system? How would you
explain how your own design process would shift if you were designing an
identity system versus a single logo? What elements could they expect
you to deliver? Conversely, how might it impact pricing and timelines?

For your citation, you might use articles that show examples of how a
cohesive corporate identity system leads to better consumer loyalty.
You can also find articles from experts that suggest how to best engage
in project discussion and negotiation with clients when engaged in
graphic design projects.

Your initial and reply posts should work to develop a group
understanding of this topic. Challenge each other. Build on each other.
Always be respectful but discuss this and figure it out together.