Euler’s method using excel. Euler’s method using excel.
You can see the problem in the screenshot attached. Final output needs to be an excel file with formulas and graphs. I have a pdf version of the answers but it needs to be in the excel where they can see the exact formulas.
[supanova_question]
Biomedical Engineering Question
For the 6 figures needed: Use the data in the Excel file to make models in MATLAB by the curve fitting tool. No need for coding! just copy and paste the data and calculate the time (from the point where the sensor starts to be steady), stress for all three groups, and the strain calculation would be the same for all groups. Then write the report (ONE-page limit) by following the screenshots. I’ll provide the data file after this assignment is assigned
[supanova_question]
two paragraphs on sustainability and minimizing risks
Euler’s method using excel ” 1-biologists-distinguish-between-reactive-and-proactive-aggression-a-describe-this-distinction-2-pts-b-classify-the-following-scenarios/”>Engineering Assignment Help Team Charter
Group
Purpose
create an engineering design for a sustainable city for the future.
In order to ensure our group met the goals and objectives, we will all review the project and make edits. We will also compare real-life situations that relate to our topic so we can ensure a quality sustainable future for our city.
1. You must describe the size, climate, population, and other relevant demographics of your city.
Our city is fairly large in population. Our city can be compared to the City of Tempe and revolves around a University campus. Our population is around 150,000 people and the climate is relatively hot in the summers and cool in the winters. The high in the summers are around 100 degrees fahrenheit and the lows are 70 degrees. The winters are around 65 degrees. The city is located at a low elevation in a dry environment. However, we do receive large amounts of precipitation during the monsoon season. Because our population is large, there is a large range of demographics. Because our city contains a large University campus, our demographics focus on a younger audience, however, there is a wide range of race, ethnicity, and religion in the area.
Not high income area,
2. You must define sustainability, explain how/why your city is going to be sustainable, and provide sustainability indicators that you will use to assess the sustainability of your city.
Sustainability is the concept of a functional city that is engineered to take into account the social and economic impacts that are related environmentally. This also means taking into consideration the impacts of our decisions so that the future generations can do the same. We will try to obtain sustainability through the use of our natural resources. We will also use green buildings, solar power energy, zoning regulations, and the promotion of walkable neighborhoods and public transportation. Some indicators that we will use to assess the sustainability of our city is through the green city index and the percentage of the population that have access to clean water and sanitation. However, not only do we need to measure environmental sustainability, but we also need to consider the social and economic differences. This means accessing the demographics of our city through poverty, education, and development opportunities.
3. You must select a water source, describe the watershed, describe the general quality of the water source, describe how the water is conveyed to your city, and describe the treatment processes required to produce potable water. You must describe how you meet Primary Drinking Water Standards and whether or not you meet Secondary Drinking Water Standards.
Because our city lies at a low elevation, our water comes from nearby river reservoirs and groundwater extractions. Our treatment process is based on the CDC regulations for drinking water. Our water is filtered through water treatment plants that allow for coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, disinfection, and storage.
Srp
Cap
Groundwater
You must identify potential sources of air pollution, and propose engineering controls
and/or policy changes to minimize air pollution. You must describe how you meet
National Ambient Air Quality Standards:
Possible sources of air pollution include mass transportation and public transit. With having transit so available and in so many different forms, allows for more air pollution. As well as, in growing, innovative cities, construction plays a big role in the air pollution. Infrastructure expansion and construction sites stir up dust, pesticides and other harmful particles used i construction materials to the public. This city can work towards more efficient construction materials that do not emit as much dust and particulate matter into the air. There could be caps on how many construction sites can be coo curing within a general area. Transportation can also be improved by moving towards more electronic vehicles and providing infrastructure for walking instead of driving.
Report:
Sustainability:
Minimize risk:
Demographics
done
Seen
5 mins ago[supanova_question]
Internal Combustions/Thermodynamic Review questions
Hi, I need these questions thoroughly solved that satisfy the requirements within 2 days. Please show your steps for the calculations and answer each question with a proper explanation. Work can be shown by hand or typing as long as it is legible!Here are the questions (the questions will be underlined to differentiate them from the information provided by each question prompt):1. A famous inventor proposes a new engine concept to control engine load without throttling. To achieve efficient operation at part load, the concept uses late intake valve closing which effectively creates an expansion ratio larger than the compression ratio. The engine is four-stroke, spark ignition and operates unthrottled. The engine has a clearance volume of 300 cm3 and a displaced volume of 2700 cm3 per cylinder. The fresh working fluid is a lean mixture of methane (CH4) and air at an equivalent ratio = 0.8. The lower heating value of methane is 50 MJ/kg.The cylinder contents behave as an ideal gas with constant specific heats (y = 1.25, R = 300 J/kg-K). The cycle processes are described below: Intake Process 5-6-1 For the first part of the process (5-6), the piston moves from top dead center (TDC) to bottom dead center (BDC). For the second part of the process (6-1), the piston moves up to half-way into the compression stroke while the intake valve is still open. Throughout the intake process (5-6-1), the fresh fuel air mixture is inducted into the cylinder and mixed with residual gas, while the cylinder pressure remains constant at 100 kPa. When the intake valve is closed (State 1), the temperature of the cylinder contents is 440K. Compression Process 1-2 Compression is reversible and adiabatic. The gas pressure rises as the piston moves towards TDC. The “compression” rc is defined as the ratio of the cylinder volume at the intake valve closing to clearance volume. Combustion Process 2-3 The mixture is ignited with a spark and releases the fuel chemical energy at the TDC position. The “gross” heat released by the fuel during the constant volume combustion process is accompanied by considerable heat loss to the engine walls. The “net” heat release raises the temperature and pressure of the working fluid. Expansion Process 3-4 The combustion gases follow a reversible and adiabatic expansion process from TDC to BDC, until the cylinder pressure drops to the exhaust pressure (100 kPa) and the gas temperature drops to 800K. The “expansion ratio” re is defined as the ratio of cylinder volume at exhaust valve opening (State 4) to clearance volume. Exhaust Displacement Process 4-5 With the exhaust valve open, the piston moves from BDC to TDC while the exhaust gas is displaced out of the cylinder at 100 kPa. The exhaust valve closes at State 5. (1.1) Draw the cycle on a p -V diagram, clearly showing all relevant states and processes. (1.2) Determine the residual fraction when the exhaust valve is closed. (1.3) Determine the total mass of the cylinder contents and the mass of fuel when the valves are closed. (1.4) Determine the compression ratio, rc, and the expansion ratio, re. (1.5) Determine the magnitudes of the peak temperature and pressure in the cylinder. (1.6) Calculate the gross heat released by the fuel during combustion process and the heat losses to the walls. (1.7) Calculate the gross-indicated, pumping, and net-indicated work transfers of this cycle. (1.8) Calculate the gross-indicated and net indicated fuel conversion efficiencies of this cycle. (1.9) Calculate the net indicated power of a four-cylinder engine at 7200 RPM. (1.10) The inventor claims that the timing of the closing of the intake valve can be varied to control engine power output without throttling. When should the intake valve be closed for a maximum output equivalent to wide open throttle (WOT) in a conventional design? State physical arguments, but do not repeat any of the calculations! Briefly comment on the potential of the concept. 2. It has been shown that blending hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO) with hydrocarbon fuels, n-Octane (C8H18) in this case, can improve the lean limit of spark ignited engines. Assuming that the fuels are all in the gaseous phase, the Lower Heating Value of n-Octane (C8H18) is 44,788 kJ/kg, the Lower Heating Value of CO is 10,100 kJ/kg, while the Lower Heating Value of hydrogen (H2) is 119,953 kJ/kg. On a volume basis the fuel mixture consists of: 25% n-Octane (C8H18), 25% carbon monoxide (CO) and 50% hydrogen (H2) Fuel and air enter the engine at standard state conditions (1 atm, 25?C). The mass flow rate of air into the engine is 200 g/sec, while the equivalence ratio is 0.5. The heat losses from the working fluid to the engine coolant and the environment are 50 kW. The temperature of the combustion products in the exhaust manifold is 900 K. (2.1) Determine the overall combustion reaction for this engine’s fuel mixture using atmospheric air (O2 3.76 N2). Normalize to a per mole fuel basis. (2.2) The molecular weight of the fuel mixture. (2.3) Calculate the air-to-fuel ratio (mass based) at which this engine is operating. (2.4) Calculate the fuel mass flow rate. (2.5) Calculate the lower heating value per kg of fuel. (2.6) Calculate the higher heating value per kg of fuel, where hfg, H2O = 2442 kJ/kg (2.7) Determine the net indicated power output of this engine in kW (2.8) Determine the fuel conversion efficiency of this engine.
done
Seen
7 mins ago[supanova_question]
https://anyessayhelp.com/ Team Charter
Group
Purpose
create an engineering design for a sustainable city for the future.
In order to ensure our group met the goals and objectives, we will all review the project and make edits. We will also compare real-life situations that relate to our topic so we can ensure a quality sustainable future for our city.
1. You must describe the size, climate, population, and other relevant demographics of your city.
Our city is fairly large in population. Our city can be compared to the City of Tempe and revolves around a University campus. Our population is around 150,000 people and the climate is relatively hot in the summers and cool in the winters. The high in the summers are around 100 degrees fahrenheit and the lows are 70 degrees. The winters are around 65 degrees. The city is located at a low elevation in a dry environment. However, we do receive large amounts of precipitation during the monsoon season. Because our population is large, there is a large range of demographics. Because our city contains a large University campus, our demographics focus on a younger audience, however, there is a wide range of race, ethnicity, and religion in the area.
Not high income area,
2. You must define sustainability, explain how/why your city is going to be sustainable, and provide sustainability indicators that you will use to assess the sustainability of your city.
Sustainability is the concept of a functional city that is engineered to take into account the social and economic impacts that are related environmentally. This also means taking into consideration the impacts of our decisions so that the future generations can do the same. We will try to obtain sustainability through the use of our natural resources. We will also use green buildings, solar power energy, zoning regulations, and the promotion of walkable neighborhoods and public transportation. Some indicators that we will use to assess the sustainability of our city is through the green city index and the percentage of the population that have access to clean water and sanitation. However, not only do we need to measure environmental sustainability, but we also need to consider the social and economic differences. This means accessing the demographics of our city through poverty, education, and development opportunities.
3. You must select a water source, describe the watershed, describe the general quality of the water source, describe how the water is conveyed to your city, and describe the treatment processes required to produce potable water. You must describe how you meet Primary Drinking Water Standards and whether or not you meet Secondary Drinking Water Standards.
Because our city lies at a low elevation, our water comes from nearby river reservoirs and groundwater extractions. Our treatment process is based on the CDC regulations for drinking water. Our water is filtered through water treatment plants that allow for coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, disinfection, and storage.
Srp
Cap
Groundwater
You must identify potential sources of air pollution, and propose engineering controls
and/or policy changes to minimize air pollution. You must describe how you meet
National Ambient Air Quality Standards:
Possible sources of air pollution include mass transportation and public transit. With having transit so available and in so many different forms, allows for more air pollution. As well as, in growing, innovative cities, construction plays a big role in the air pollution. Infrastructure expansion and construction sites stir up dust, pesticides and other harmful particles used i construction materials to the public. This city can work towards more efficient construction materials that do not emit as much dust and particulate matter into the air. There could be caps on how many construction sites can be coo curing within a general area. Transportation can also be improved by moving towards more electronic vehicles and providing infrastructure for walking instead of driving.
Report:
Sustainability:
Minimize risk:
Demographics
done
Seen
5 mins ago[supanova_question]
Internal Combustions/Thermodynamic Review questions
Hi, I need these questions thoroughly solved that satisfy the requirements within 2 days. Please show your steps for the calculations and answer each question with a proper explanation. Work can be shown by hand or typing as long as it is legible!Here are the questions (the questions will be underlined to differentiate them from the information provided by each question prompt):1. A famous inventor proposes a new engine concept to control engine load without throttling. To achieve efficient operation at part load, the concept uses late intake valve closing which effectively creates an expansion ratio larger than the compression ratio. The engine is four-stroke, spark ignition and operates unthrottled. The engine has a clearance volume of 300 cm3 and a displaced volume of 2700 cm3 per cylinder. The fresh working fluid is a lean mixture of methane (CH4) and air at an equivalent ratio = 0.8. The lower heating value of methane is 50 MJ/kg.The cylinder contents behave as an ideal gas with constant specific heats (y = 1.25, R = 300 J/kg-K). The cycle processes are described below: Intake Process 5-6-1 For the first part of the process (5-6), the piston moves from top dead center (TDC) to bottom dead center (BDC). For the second part of the process (6-1), the piston moves up to half-way into the compression stroke while the intake valve is still open. Throughout the intake process (5-6-1), the fresh fuel air mixture is inducted into the cylinder and mixed with residual gas, while the cylinder pressure remains constant at 100 kPa. When the intake valve is closed (State 1), the temperature of the cylinder contents is 440K. Compression Process 1-2 Compression is reversible and adiabatic. The gas pressure rises as the piston moves towards TDC. The “compression” rc is defined as the ratio of the cylinder volume at the intake valve closing to clearance volume. Combustion Process 2-3 The mixture is ignited with a spark and releases the fuel chemical energy at the TDC position. The “gross” heat released by the fuel during the constant volume combustion process is accompanied by considerable heat loss to the engine walls. The “net” heat release raises the temperature and pressure of the working fluid. Expansion Process 3-4 The combustion gases follow a reversible and adiabatic expansion process from TDC to BDC, until the cylinder pressure drops to the exhaust pressure (100 kPa) and the gas temperature drops to 800K. The “expansion ratio” re is defined as the ratio of cylinder volume at exhaust valve opening (State 4) to clearance volume. Exhaust Displacement Process 4-5 With the exhaust valve open, the piston moves from BDC to TDC while the exhaust gas is displaced out of the cylinder at 100 kPa. The exhaust valve closes at State 5. (1.1) Draw the cycle on a p -V diagram, clearly showing all relevant states and processes. (1.2) Determine the residual fraction when the exhaust valve is closed. (1.3) Determine the total mass of the cylinder contents and the mass of fuel when the valves are closed. (1.4) Determine the compression ratio, rc, and the expansion ratio, re. (1.5) Determine the magnitudes of the peak temperature and pressure in the cylinder. (1.6) Calculate the gross heat released by the fuel during combustion process and the heat losses to the walls. (1.7) Calculate the gross-indicated, pumping, and net-indicated work transfers of this cycle. (1.8) Calculate the gross-indicated and net indicated fuel conversion efficiencies of this cycle. (1.9) Calculate the net indicated power of a four-cylinder engine at 7200 RPM. (1.10) The inventor claims that the timing of the closing of the intake valve can be varied to control engine power output without throttling. When should the intake valve be closed for a maximum output equivalent to wide open throttle (WOT) in a conventional design? State physical arguments, but do not repeat any of the calculations! Briefly comment on the potential of the concept. 2. It has been shown that blending hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO) with hydrocarbon fuels, n-Octane (C8H18) in this case, can improve the lean limit of spark ignited engines. Assuming that the fuels are all in the gaseous phase, the Lower Heating Value of n-Octane (C8H18) is 44,788 kJ/kg, the Lower Heating Value of CO is 10,100 kJ/kg, while the Lower Heating Value of hydrogen (H2) is 119,953 kJ/kg. On a volume basis the fuel mixture consists of: 25% n-Octane (C8H18), 25% carbon monoxide (CO) and 50% hydrogen (H2) Fuel and air enter the engine at standard state conditions (1 atm, 25?C). The mass flow rate of air into the engine is 200 g/sec, while the equivalence ratio is 0.5. The heat losses from the working fluid to the engine coolant and the environment are 50 kW. The temperature of the combustion products in the exhaust manifold is 900 K. (2.1) Determine the overall combustion reaction for this engine’s fuel mixture using atmospheric air (O2 3.76 N2). Normalize to a per mole fuel basis. (2.2) The molecular weight of the fuel mixture. (2.3) Calculate the air-to-fuel ratio (mass based) at which this engine is operating. (2.4) Calculate the fuel mass flow rate. (2.5) Calculate the lower heating value per kg of fuel. (2.6) Calculate the higher heating value per kg of fuel, where hfg, H2O = 2442 kJ/kg (2.7) Determine the net indicated power output of this engine in kW (2.8) Determine the fuel conversion efficiency of this engine.
done
Seen
7 mins ago[supanova_question]
https://anyessayhelp.com/ Team Charter
Group
Purpose
create an engineering design for a sustainable city for the future.
In order to ensure our group met the goals and objectives, we will all review the project and make edits. We will also compare real-life situations that relate to our topic so we can ensure a quality sustainable future for our city.
1. You must describe the size, climate, population, and other relevant demographics of your city.
Our city is fairly large in population. Our city can be compared to the City of Tempe and revolves around a University campus. Our population is around 150,000 people and the climate is relatively hot in the summers and cool in the winters. The high in the summers are around 100 degrees fahrenheit and the lows are 70 degrees. The winters are around 65 degrees. The city is located at a low elevation in a dry environment. However, we do receive large amounts of precipitation during the monsoon season. Because our population is large, there is a large range of demographics. Because our city contains a large University campus, our demographics focus on a younger audience, however, there is a wide range of race, ethnicity, and religion in the area.
Not high income area,
2. You must define sustainability, explain how/why your city is going to be sustainable, and provide sustainability indicators that you will use to assess the sustainability of your city.
Sustainability is the concept of a functional city that is engineered to take into account the social and economic impacts that are related environmentally. This also means taking into consideration the impacts of our decisions so that the future generations can do the same. We will try to obtain sustainability through the use of our natural resources. We will also use green buildings, solar power energy, zoning regulations, and the promotion of walkable neighborhoods and public transportation. Some indicators that we will use to assess the sustainability of our city is through the green city index and the percentage of the population that have access to clean water and sanitation. However, not only do we need to measure environmental sustainability, but we also need to consider the social and economic differences. This means accessing the demographics of our city through poverty, education, and development opportunities.
3. You must select a water source, describe the watershed, describe the general quality of the water source, describe how the water is conveyed to your city, and describe the treatment processes required to produce potable water. You must describe how you meet Primary Drinking Water Standards and whether or not you meet Secondary Drinking Water Standards.
Because our city lies at a low elevation, our water comes from nearby river reservoirs and groundwater extractions. Our treatment process is based on the CDC regulations for drinking water. Our water is filtered through water treatment plants that allow for coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, disinfection, and storage.
Srp
Cap
Groundwater
You must identify potential sources of air pollution, and propose engineering controls
and/or policy changes to minimize air pollution. You must describe how you meet
National Ambient Air Quality Standards:
Possible sources of air pollution include mass transportation and public transit. With having transit so available and in so many different forms, allows for more air pollution. As well as, in growing, innovative cities, construction plays a big role in the air pollution. Infrastructure expansion and construction sites stir up dust, pesticides and other harmful particles used i construction materials to the public. This city can work towards more efficient construction materials that do not emit as much dust and particulate matter into the air. There could be caps on how many construction sites can be coo curing within a general area. Transportation can also be improved by moving towards more electronic vehicles and providing infrastructure for walking instead of driving.
Report:
Sustainability:
Minimize risk:
Demographics
done
Seen
5 mins ago[supanova_question]
Internal Combustions/Thermodynamic Review questions
Hi, I need these questions thoroughly solved that satisfy the requirements within 2 days. Please show your steps for the calculations and answer each question with a proper explanation. Work can be shown by hand or typing as long as it is legible!Here are the questions (the questions will be underlined to differentiate them from the information provided by each question prompt):1. A famous inventor proposes a new engine concept to control engine load without throttling. To achieve efficient operation at part load, the concept uses late intake valve closing which effectively creates an expansion ratio larger than the compression ratio. The engine is four-stroke, spark ignition and operates unthrottled. The engine has a clearance volume of 300 cm3 and a displaced volume of 2700 cm3 per cylinder. The fresh working fluid is a lean mixture of methane (CH4) and air at an equivalent ratio = 0.8. The lower heating value of methane is 50 MJ/kg.The cylinder contents behave as an ideal gas with constant specific heats (y = 1.25, R = 300 J/kg-K). The cycle processes are described below: Intake Process 5-6-1 For the first part of the process (5-6), the piston moves from top dead center (TDC) to bottom dead center (BDC). For the second part of the process (6-1), the piston moves up to half-way into the compression stroke while the intake valve is still open. Throughout the intake process (5-6-1), the fresh fuel air mixture is inducted into the cylinder and mixed with residual gas, while the cylinder pressure remains constant at 100 kPa. When the intake valve is closed (State 1), the temperature of the cylinder contents is 440K. Compression Process 1-2 Compression is reversible and adiabatic. The gas pressure rises as the piston moves towards TDC. The “compression” rc is defined as the ratio of the cylinder volume at the intake valve closing to clearance volume. Combustion Process 2-3 The mixture is ignited with a spark and releases the fuel chemical energy at the TDC position. The “gross” heat released by the fuel during the constant volume combustion process is accompanied by considerable heat loss to the engine walls. The “net” heat release raises the temperature and pressure of the working fluid. Expansion Process 3-4 The combustion gases follow a reversible and adiabatic expansion process from TDC to BDC, until the cylinder pressure drops to the exhaust pressure (100 kPa) and the gas temperature drops to 800K. The “expansion ratio” re is defined as the ratio of cylinder volume at exhaust valve opening (State 4) to clearance volume. Exhaust Displacement Process 4-5 With the exhaust valve open, the piston moves from BDC to TDC while the exhaust gas is displaced out of the cylinder at 100 kPa. The exhaust valve closes at State 5. (1.1) Draw the cycle on a p -V diagram, clearly showing all relevant states and processes. (1.2) Determine the residual fraction when the exhaust valve is closed. (1.3) Determine the total mass of the cylinder contents and the mass of fuel when the valves are closed. (1.4) Determine the compression ratio, rc, and the expansion ratio, re. (1.5) Determine the magnitudes of the peak temperature and pressure in the cylinder. (1.6) Calculate the gross heat released by the fuel during combustion process and the heat losses to the walls. (1.7) Calculate the gross-indicated, pumping, and net-indicated work transfers of this cycle. (1.8) Calculate the gross-indicated and net indicated fuel conversion efficiencies of this cycle. (1.9) Calculate the net indicated power of a four-cylinder engine at 7200 RPM. (1.10) The inventor claims that the timing of the closing of the intake valve can be varied to control engine power output without throttling. When should the intake valve be closed for a maximum output equivalent to wide open throttle (WOT) in a conventional design? State physical arguments, but do not repeat any of the calculations! Briefly comment on the potential of the concept. 2. It has been shown that blending hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO) with hydrocarbon fuels, n-Octane (C8H18) in this case, can improve the lean limit of spark ignited engines. Assuming that the fuels are all in the gaseous phase, the Lower Heating Value of n-Octane (C8H18) is 44,788 kJ/kg, the Lower Heating Value of CO is 10,100 kJ/kg, while the Lower Heating Value of hydrogen (H2) is 119,953 kJ/kg. On a volume basis the fuel mixture consists of: 25% n-Octane (C8H18), 25% carbon monoxide (CO) and 50% hydrogen (H2) Fuel and air enter the engine at standard state conditions (1 atm, 25?C). The mass flow rate of air into the engine is 200 g/sec, while the equivalence ratio is 0.5. The heat losses from the working fluid to the engine coolant and the environment are 50 kW. The temperature of the combustion products in the exhaust manifold is 900 K. (2.1) Determine the overall combustion reaction for this engine’s fuel mixture using atmospheric air (O2 3.76 N2). Normalize to a per mole fuel basis. (2.2) The molecular weight of the fuel mixture. (2.3) Calculate the air-to-fuel ratio (mass based) at which this engine is operating. (2.4) Calculate the fuel mass flow rate. (2.5) Calculate the lower heating value per kg of fuel. (2.6) Calculate the higher heating value per kg of fuel, where hfg, H2O = 2442 kJ/kg (2.7) Determine the net indicated power output of this engine in kW (2.8) Determine the fuel conversion efficiency of this engine.
done
Seen
7 mins ago[supanova_question]
https://anyessayhelp.com/ Team Charter
Group
Purpose
create an engineering design for a sustainable city for the future.
In order to ensure our group met the goals and objectives, we will all review the project and make edits. We will also compare real-life situations that relate to our topic so we can ensure a quality sustainable future for our city.
1. You must describe the size, climate, population, and other relevant demographics of your city.
Our city is fairly large in population. Our city can be compared to the City of Tempe and revolves around a University campus. Our population is around 150,000 people and the climate is relatively hot in the summers and cool in the winters. The high in the summers are around 100 degrees fahrenheit and the lows are 70 degrees. The winters are around 65 degrees. The city is located at a low elevation in a dry environment. However, we do receive large amounts of precipitation during the monsoon season. Because our population is large, there is a large range of demographics. Because our city contains a large University campus, our demographics focus on a younger audience, however, there is a wide range of race, ethnicity, and religion in the area.
Not high income area,
2. You must define sustainability, explain how/why your city is going to be sustainable, and provide sustainability indicators that you will use to assess the sustainability of your city.
Sustainability is the concept of a functional city that is engineered to take into account the social and economic impacts that are related environmentally. This also means taking into consideration the impacts of our decisions so that the future generations can do the same. We will try to obtain sustainability through the use of our natural resources. We will also use green buildings, solar power energy, zoning regulations, and the promotion of walkable neighborhoods and public transportation. Some indicators that we will use to assess the sustainability of our city is through the green city index and the percentage of the population that have access to clean water and sanitation. However, not only do we need to measure environmental sustainability, but we also need to consider the social and economic differences. This means accessing the demographics of our city through poverty, education, and development opportunities.
3. You must select a water source, describe the watershed, describe the general quality of the water source, describe how the water is conveyed to your city, and describe the treatment processes required to produce potable water. You must describe how you meet Primary Drinking Water Standards and whether or not you meet Secondary Drinking Water Standards.
Because our city lies at a low elevation, our water comes from nearby river reservoirs and groundwater extractions. Our treatment process is based on the CDC regulations for drinking water. Our water is filtered through water treatment plants that allow for coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, disinfection, and storage.
Srp
Cap
Groundwater
You must identify potential sources of air pollution, and propose engineering controls
and/or policy changes to minimize air pollution. You must describe how you meet
National Ambient Air Quality Standards:
Possible sources of air pollution include mass transportation and public transit. With having transit so available and in so many different forms, allows for more air pollution. As well as, in growing, innovative cities, construction plays a big role in the air pollution. Infrastructure expansion and construction sites stir up dust, pesticides and other harmful particles used i construction materials to the public. This city can work towards more efficient construction materials that do not emit as much dust and particulate matter into the air. There could be caps on how many construction sites can be coo curing within a general area. Transportation can also be improved by moving towards more electronic vehicles and providing infrastructure for walking instead of driving.
Report:
Sustainability:
Minimize risk:
Demographics
done
Seen
5 mins ago[supanova_question]
Internal Combustions/Thermodynamic Review questions
Hi, I need these questions thoroughly solved that satisfy the requirements within 2 days. Please show your steps for the calculations and answer each question with a proper explanation. Work can be shown by hand or typing as long as it is legible!Here are the questions (the questions will be underlined to differentiate them from the information provided by each question prompt):1. A famous inventor proposes a new engine concept to control engine load without throttling. To achieve efficient operation at part load, the concept uses late intake valve closing which effectively creates an expansion ratio larger than the compression ratio. The engine is four-stroke, spark ignition and operates unthrottled. The engine has a clearance volume of 300 cm3 and a displaced volume of 2700 cm3 per cylinder. The fresh working fluid is a lean mixture of methane (CH4) and air at an equivalent ratio = 0.8. The lower heating value of methane is 50 MJ/kg.The cylinder contents behave as an ideal gas with constant specific heats (y = 1.25, R = 300 J/kg-K). The cycle processes are described below: Intake Process 5-6-1 For the first part of the process (5-6), the piston moves from top dead center (TDC) to bottom dead center (BDC). For the second part of the process (6-1), the piston moves up to half-way into the compression stroke while the intake valve is still open. Throughout the intake process (5-6-1), the fresh fuel air mixture is inducted into the cylinder and mixed with residual gas, while the cylinder pressure remains constant at 100 kPa. When the intake valve is closed (State 1), the temperature of the cylinder contents is 440K. Compression Process 1-2 Compression is reversible and adiabatic. The gas pressure rises as the piston moves towards TDC. The “compression” rc is defined as the ratio of the cylinder volume at the intake valve closing to clearance volume. Combustion Process 2-3 The mixture is ignited with a spark and releases the fuel chemical energy at the TDC position. The “gross” heat released by the fuel during the constant volume combustion process is accompanied by considerable heat loss to the engine walls. The “net” heat release raises the temperature and pressure of the working fluid. Expansion Process 3-4 The combustion gases follow a reversible and adiabatic expansion process from TDC to BDC, until the cylinder pressure drops to the exhaust pressure (100 kPa) and the gas temperature drops to 800K. The “expansion ratio” re is defined as the ratio of cylinder volume at exhaust valve opening (State 4) to clearance volume. Exhaust Displacement Process 4-5 With the exhaust valve open, the piston moves from BDC to TDC while the exhaust gas is displaced out of the cylinder at 100 kPa. The exhaust valve closes at State 5. (1.1) Draw the cycle on a p -V diagram, clearly showing all relevant states and processes. (1.2) Determine the residual fraction when the exhaust valve is closed. (1.3) Determine the total mass of the cylinder contents and the mass of fuel when the valves are closed. (1.4) Determine the compression ratio, rc, and the expansion ratio, re. (1.5) Determine the magnitudes of the peak temperature and pressure in the cylinder. (1.6) Calculate the gross heat released by the fuel during combustion process and the heat losses to the walls. (1.7) Calculate the gross-indicated, pumping, and net-indicated work transfers of this cycle. (1.8) Calculate the gross-indicated and net indicated fuel conversion efficiencies of this cycle. (1.9) Calculate the net indicated power of a four-cylinder engine at 7200 RPM. (1.10) The inventor claims that the timing of the closing of the intake valve can be varied to control engine power output without throttling. When should the intake valve be closed for a maximum output equivalent to wide open throttle (WOT) in a conventional design? State physical arguments, but do not repeat any of the calculations! Briefly comment on the potential of the concept. 2. It has been shown that blending hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO) with hydrocarbon fuels, n-Octane (C8H18) in this case, can improve the lean limit of spark ignited engines. Assuming that the fuels are all in the gaseous phase, the Lower Heating Value of n-Octane (C8H18) is 44,788 kJ/kg, the Lower Heating Value of CO is 10,100 kJ/kg, while the Lower Heating Value of hydrogen (H2) is 119,953 kJ/kg. On a volume basis the fuel mixture consists of: 25% n-Octane (C8H18), 25% carbon monoxide (CO) and 50% hydrogen (H2) Fuel and air enter the engine at standard state conditions (1 atm, 25?C). The mass flow rate of air into the engine is 200 g/sec, while the equivalence ratio is 0.5. The heat losses from the working fluid to the engine coolant and the environment are 50 kW. The temperature of the combustion products in the exhaust manifold is 900 K. (2.1) Determine the overall combustion reaction for this engine’s fuel mixture using atmospheric air (O2 3.76 N2). Normalize to a per mole fuel basis. (2.2) The molecular weight of the fuel mixture. (2.3) Calculate the air-to-fuel ratio (mass based) at which this engine is operating. (2.4) Calculate the fuel mass flow rate. (2.5) Calculate the lower heating value per kg of fuel. (2.6) Calculate the higher heating value per kg of fuel, where hfg, H2O = 2442 kJ/kg (2.7) Determine the net indicated power output of this engine in kW (2.8) Determine the fuel conversion efficiency of this engine.
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Euler’s method using excel
Euler’s method using excel
